Cancer is defined as “when the body’s cells begin to divide without stopping and spread into surrounding tissues.” (“What is cancer?”, 2017), caused by mutations that lead to the cell cycle to proceed, regardless if the cell is qualified to. The mutations block the use of the G1, G2, and M checkpoints in the cell […]
Abstract In the past 50 years cancer treatments have increased the amount of successfully treated cancer patients. Before the 1990s surgery or chemotherapy were the only options. Recently, scientist have discovered qualities of cancer and formed new anti-cancer drugs less harmful to the whole body. These anti-cancer drugs paired with chemotherapy are the current approach […]
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Get startedHundreds and thousands of people are affected by cancer each year; it is one of the most fatal diseases and a leading cause of death and disability for humans (Iranifam 2014). There are several types of cancer than can affect different areas of the body, some being less life-threatening than others. A vast amount of […]
I. Executive Summary Breast cancer is concerning a large number of female individuals worldwide. This disease comes from abnormally developed breast tissue, which usually begins in either lobules or ducts of the breast. Generally speaking, breast cancer is divided into two types—non-invasive and invasive. The core criteria to distinguish in between these two types of […]
Breast cancer is a disease in which most commonly occurs in all women no matter their size, shape, race, or ethnicity. About one in eight women will be diagnosed with breast cancer every year, a fatal disease if not discovered early. Early detection of breast cancer is key so that cancerous cells found in the […]
At a cellular basis, cancer cells are not that different from normal cells. In fact, from a biological view point cancer cells originate from normal cells. The features of a cancer cell; such as migrating away from its origin point, mutating and replicating itself, evading cell death and providing itself with a supply of oxygen […]
The term cancer is derived from the Latin translation for the Greek word for crab (Huether, McCance, Brashers & Rote, 2017). Breast cancer is a general term for a group of solid tumor malignancies that arise in the tissues of the breast (Crawford & Alder, 2013). Breast cancer can affect the breasts, cells, glands, and […]
Breast cancer is often known as an aggressive cancer. It is formed when cells grow uncontrollably in the tissues of the breast that lead to a tumor. Over 190,000 individuals are diagnosed yearly. (cancer center) Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death and the rate increases every year in woman and sometimes often […]
Breast cancer is an uncontrolled growth of breast cell that can be benign, not dangerous, but it can also metastasize and invade different and distant tissues in our body. Breast Cancer is the most common cancer in female of any age and although the risk increases, as you get older, many different factors affect the […]
This paper will clarify what Breast Cancer is. It will explain the symptoms, treatment options, and other useful information regarding this disease. The first thing to know about Breast Cancer is understanding what it is. According to the Cancer.org website, breast cancer begins when cells in the bosom begin to spread out of control. The […]
Abstract Background – Breast cancer predisposition has been known to be caused by hereditary factors. New techniques particularly exome sequencing have allowed/ helped us to identify new and novel variants that exhibit a phenotype. Method – In this review we discuss the advantages of exome sequencing and how it could help in understanding the familial […]
Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world (1). In the United States, 22220 new gastric cancer patients are diagnosed each year, of which up to 10990 are expected to die (2). Among the cancer deaths up to the 1980s, gastric cancer ranked second after lung cancer and the incidence decreased in […]
It is expected that cancer risk would increase with body size and life span. Peto’s paradox describes the lack of correlation between body size, life span, and cancer risk (Caulin, 2011). The cellular mechanism behind this has only been experimentally demonstrated in rodents. TP53 is a gene that codes for the p53 protein. This gene […]
Abstract Prevalent health problems, in communities, will be addressed by providing health promotion programs (Kumar & Preetha, 2012, p. 5). Health promotion programs have the potential to change participants health behaviors and increase their knowledge about health problems (Kumar & Preetha, 2012, p. 8). Breast cancer is found in women of different ages and ethnicities, […]
Abstract Cancer has been a public health problem that has gained a lot of death. However, in spite of the advances in the diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer, women follow the struggle versus this disease. Also, those patients suffer from limited efficacy and specificity, undesirable effects, drug resistance, and a high cost of treatments. […]
The human body is made up of cells. When a cell dies the body automatically replaces it with a new healthy cell, but sometimes the cell is not healthy and grows out of control. These cells group together and form a lump that can be seen on an x-ray. Breast cancer is a tumor in […]
Introduction: Precision medicine is concerned in diagnosis of patients according to their biological, genetic and molecular status B As cancer is a genetic disease, its treatment comes among the first medical disciplines as an application of precision medicine .A Breast cancer is a highly complex, heterogeneous and multifactorial disease as well as it is one […]
Cancer proliferation is characterized by uncontrolled and unregulated cell growth resulting in tumors. In theory, as the size of organism increases there are more cells developing and dividing meaning that this is an increased probability of cancer development. Although, this response is theorized this is not what actually occurs, but why this trend is observed […]
There are different steps that we can take as individuals to prevent cancer. Even though cancer is not always preventable there are things that we can do, and lifestyle changes we can make, to help reduce our risk of cancer. There is more and more diagnosis of this terrible disease each day. Due to the […]
Nineteen years ago, my uncle was sent to prison for drunk driving. He was driving down a two-lane highway in my home town while under the influence. His best friend was sitting in the passenger seat of his 1970’s Bronco while he sped down the road. He crashed head on into a semi-truck traveling at […]
Apoptosis remains the most vital part of normal and abnormal cells. A defect in apoptosis is considered to be the main cause of cancer. The literature is full of studies investigating the reason for defective apoptosis that can be due to defect in the apoptotic pathway, such as enhanced mutation of genes, inactivation of death […]
One of the most leading cause of death globally is cancer and it is responsible for 8.8 million deaths in 2017. It is expected that there would be 70% rise in the number of new cases of cancer in the next two decades. Cancer causes nearly 1 in 6 deaths globally. Cancer is a complex […]
The most prevalent site for metastasis of prostate cancer is in bone, occurring in up to 80% of affected individuals. Upwards of 90% of these patients die as a result of prostate cancer with bone involvement, and there are currently no effective treatment modalities available (Jones et al., 2019). Metastatic prostate cancer that has spread […]
Prostate cancer is one of the most common forms of cancer that can metastasize to the bone. The mechanism of how cancer cells break away from their primary origin and travel through the bloodstream to the bone is a process that is still unclear to many scientists (“Bone Metastasis,” 2018). Once cancer cells reach the […]
For women in the U.S., breast cancer death rates are second only to lung cancer. It is estimated that approximately 30% of the cancer diagnosed in women will be breast cancer. To further complicate the issue, breast cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease with different molecular subtypes as well. About 5-10% of breast cancers can […]
Background Prostate cancer is one of the most common forms of cancer that can metastasize to the bone. The mechanism of how cancer cells break away from their primary origin and travel through the bloodstream to the bone is a process that is still unclear to many scientists (“Bone Metastasis,” 2018). Once cancer cells reach […]
“In a recent study, about 70 percent of all ovarian cancer patients are found at a very advance stages (3 or 4), and of those woman, about 80 percent will recur.6 As a result, ovarian cancer recurrence is something that most women fear. Before Zejula was approved, the treatment for cancer recurrence was chemotherapy.7 One […]
Summary Despite the fact that Caucasian women in the United States have a higher incidence rate of breast cancer than any other racial group, African-Americans succumb notably worse to the disease and record the highest mortality rate. To comprehend the barriers and challenges that predispose African-American women to these disparities, this research was conducted to […]
Abstract Cancer is a vast disease category that requires constant research for a cure. Over the decades, different treatment plans have arisen to try and combat the range of cancer cells. Some treatment has resulted in success, some end in death, and others are still an ongoing battle for the patients. Anti-cancer drugs have many […]
Late-Life Suicide in Terminal Cancer: A Rational Act or Underdiagnosed Depression? is an article published in the Journal of Pain and Symptom Management; a journal which focuses on the evaluation, treatment, and pain management options for patients with terminal illnesses (Cheung, Douwes, & Sundram, 2017). This article assesses the relationship between suicide and terminal illnesses […]
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