The cGAS is an innate immune sensor that detects double-stranded DNA. Detection of foreign DNA is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism that alerts the host immune system to mount a defense response to pathogen infections. But, there is also a challenging side for the host that how they distinguish the foreign DNA with the much abundant […]
Cisplatin is a “chemotherapeutic agent” which can bind with DNA covalently with the purine base mainly guanine in a cross link that leads to transcription inhibition, arrest cell cycle and causes apoptotic effect27. Cisplatin is responsible of production of reactive oxygen species28 Absorption of cisplatin into the nucleus DNA, binding two adjacent guanines in the […]
At a cellular basis, cancer cells are not that different from normal cells. In fact, from a biological view point cancer cells originate from normal cells. The features of a cancer cell; such as migrating away from its origin point, mutating and replicating itself, evading cell death and providing itself with a supply of oxygen […]
cGAS (cyclic GMP-AMP synthase) has a dsDNA-binding domain that can sense cytosolic DNA and catalyze the production of second messenger, cGAMP (cyclic GMP-AMP dinucleotide). This further binds to and activates ER-localised adapter protein STING (stimulator of interferon genes) that induces type I IFN (IFN? or IFN?) via TBK1-IRF3 signalling. After their secretion, type I IFNs […]
Cancer proliferation is characterized by uncontrolled and unregulated cell growth resulting in tumors. In theory, as the size of organism increases there are more cells developing and dividing meaning that this is an increased probability of cancer development. Although, this response is theorized this is not what actually occurs, but why this trend is observed […]
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Get startedCells are the basic building blocks of life and make up all living organisms. There are two classifications of cells in every organism called prokaryotes and eukaryotes. A prokaryotic cell composes of single cell organisms like bacteria for example. While, a eukaryotic cell consists of multicellular organisms, the example for that is humans. The human […]
Genetically modified organisms, otherwise referred to as GMOs, is a highly debated and researched topic throughout the world, however, highly prevalent in the United States today. It is plant, animals, or other organism in which their genetic makeup has been altered or modified by either genetic engineering or transgenic technology. GMOs are used either in […]
Occurrence of mutation. Mutation is the process that produces a gene or a chromosome set different from the wild type. For instance this allows us to measure the frequency of mutation occurance.a cell caring mutation can be used as probes to disassemble the constituent parts of a biological function and to examine their workings and […]
Introduction The hereditary molecule that is tasked with carrying genetic instructions that are used in all living things in development, growth, reproduction and functioning is referred to as deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). DNA molecules consist of two strands which are bipolar and are mostly coiled near to one another to form a spiral. This strands are […]
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