Apoptosis Free Essay Examples And Topic Ideas

Necrosis and Apoptosis

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The two common types of cellular death are necrosis and apoptosis. Necrosis describes the changes of a cell that happen after a specified area of cell death and cellular self-digestion occur. Necrosis is an an accidental cell death which occurs because of the swelling and bursting of the cell. When a supply of oxygen is cut off from a cell, the needed amount of ATP is not being produced, leading to the cell not working effectively. Ion pumps no longer […]

PKB and the Mitochondria: AKTing on Apoptosis

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Function and Structure of PKB PKB contains three isoforms with catalytic domains similar to those in the AGC kinase family. PKB, initially discovered through homology cloning, maintained a similar appearance to protein kinase A and C in its kinase domain, and therefore, was named as Protein Kinase B (PKB). It has two family members: PKB/c-Akt2 (c-Akt is a cellular homologue of PKB) which is expressed mainly in insulin-target tissues, and PKB/c-Akt3 which is highly expressed in the brain and testis […]

Potential Mechanisms for Cancer Resistance in Elephants and Comparativage in Humans

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It is expected that cancer risk would increase with body size and life span. Peto’s paradox describes the lack of correlation between body size, life span, and cancer risk (Caulin, 2011). The cellular mechanism behind this has only been experimentally demonstrated in rodents. TP53 is a gene that codes for the p53 protein. This gene is vital in tumor suppression, and is mutated in many human cancers (Jiang, 2018). Humans have one copy (2 alleles) of this gene. Both alleles […]

Programmed Cell Death (Apoptosis)

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Apoptosis is an event in which a cell is programmed and specifically sentenced to death. It happens naturally in the body. Apoptosis in greek means to fall off, and that's one way to think about it. It's as if one, or a few chosen cells are falling off a cliff, while the rest keep working. Apoptosis can be likened to suicide, in that only one cell is killed, and it is intentional. Also, it often happens to cells that are […]

Apoptosis in each Living Thing

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Apoptosis goes on in each living thing. It shapes the beginning life form of every animal and is behind the huge adjustments of caterpillars into butterflies and tadpoles into frogs. Some plant cells moreover deliberately execute themselves, for example, to stop an assaulting parasitic or bacterial tainting spreading. In run of the mill tissues there is a concordance between the period of new cells by methods for cell division and the loss of cells by methods for cell downfall. Old […]

Anticancer Drugs and Chemotherapy

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Abstract In the past 50 years cancer treatments have increased the amount of successfully treated cancer patients. Before the 1990s surgery or chemotherapy were the only options. Recently, scientist have discovered qualities of cancer and formed new anti-cancer drugs less harmful to the whole body. These anti-cancer drugs paired with chemotherapy are the current approach to the majority of cancer patients. Each type of cancer behaves differently and consequently must will be treated in a diverse way. The main goal […]

Apoptosis or Programmed Cell Death

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Apoptosis is an important cellular process that allows cells to die in a programmed and organized fashion. This form of programmed cell death is crucial to the stability and equilibrium of living organisms. Such a process is shared amongst vertebrates and invertebrates alike (Miguel-Aliaga et al., 2009). It is easiest to define “normal” development by observing that which is understood as abnormal. Programmed cell death is understood to have a distinguishable relationship with cell division and differentiation. If they are […]

Journal Article for Review: Apoptosis-induced CXCL5

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The article under review examines the acceleration of inflammation and growth of prostate tumor metastasis in bone due to apoptosis-induced CXCL5. Tumor cell death, which can be increased by targeted therapies, causes immense efferocytosis to clear the apoptotic cells. It is thought that this can lead to accelerated tumor growth. The scope of this research article is limited to prostate cancer cells and the proinflammatory cytokine, CKCL5, along with other variants. This article will exclude other ways of metastasis of […]

HeLa the Immortal Cell

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Cells are the basic building blocks of life and make up all living organisms. There are two classifications of cells in every organism called prokaryotes and eukaryotes. A prokaryotic cell composes of single cell organisms like bacteria for example. While, a eukaryotic cell consists of multicellular organisms, the example for that is humans. The human body contains 75 trillion cells and each has its specific purpose and functions that they carry out throughout the human body. The human body is […]

Intracellular Role of Apoptosis in In-Vivo Reactions Occurring in Multi-Cellular Organisms

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There are two well-known methods of cell execution: Apoptosis and Necrosis. Necrosis is regarded as a violent form of cell death, whereas apoptosis, on the other hand, is a more benign, modulated, and rational mode of killing cells. This process involves making well-informed decisions about selected cells to be terminated for the greater good of the host organisms. The advantages associated with the use of apoptosis as a regulated manner of programmed cell execution are well documented in literature. These […]

Basic Knowledge about Apoptosis

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"In ordinary tissues there is a harmony between the age of new cells by means of cell division and the loss of cells by means of cell demise. Old cells progress toward becoming harmed after some time and are wiped out. This is a basic type of recharging. Models incorporate shedding of skin cells and the substitution of the cells coating our stomach related tract. Like cell division, cell passing is additionally firmly controlled. Cells every now and again pass […]

Cardiovascular System Disorders: Heart Disease

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This 63-year-old man's history revealed that his father that died from a myocardial infarction (MI) which is the result of immediate occlusion of the blood flow to the coronary vessels. The most common causes of death from an MI are decreased cardiac output, fibrillation of the heart, rupture of the heart and pooling of the blood from pulmonary edema which resulted from the increased pressure within the heart. Symptoms presented by the patient are an indication to the healthcare staff […]

The Significance of Stem Cell Regulation

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Before delving into the molecular biology and therapeutic potentials of induced pluripotent stem cells, it is crucial to provide foundational definitions and descriptions. A stem cell commences as an undifferentiated cell that can either undergo self-renewal, whereby it generates daughter cells that remain as stem cells, or mature into a specific cell type via differentiation (Can/Hematol 2008). Specific stem cell types possess unique potencies, or abilities to self-renew. That is to say, one type of stem cell may be capable […]

Necrosis Cell Death

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Necrosis is classified as a disorganized cell death process in response to disease, cell injury, or lack of sufficient blood supply. Changes within the structure that indicate possible necrosis include "dense clumping and progressive disruption of both genetic material and of plasma and organelle membranes" (Understanding Pathophysiology). Forms of necrosis include coagulative necrosis due to chemical injury that affects the "heart, kidney, and adrenal glands" (Understanding Pathophysiology). Liquefactive necrosis is caused by ischemic injuries to brain tissue and caseous necrosis […]

How Cells Cheat Death

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Cells are constantly fighting between life and death. It is believed that once cells go through certain incidences, their death is irreversible. Incidences such as, shrinkage, the breakdown of DNA or mitochondria, condensation of the nucleus, as well as activation of caspases. A new ability to replenished cells was recently discovered; it is called anastasis. Anastasis is a natural cell recovery that rescues cells from the brink of death (Tang, 2018). Its purpose is to save cells that are challenging […]

Frontiers in Pharmacology

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Summary of Research Method Applied In Vitro Studies: These studies give us useful information about the effects of Bryostatin-1 on the mechanisms involved in MS, such as oxidative stress. Explanation: Oxidative stress is an imbalance between the production of free radicals and the ability of the body to counteract or detoxify their harmful effects through neutralization by antioxidants. Viability Tests: Explanation: This is an assay to determine the ability of organs, cells, or tissues to maintain or recover viability. For […]

Cells are Actively Participating in their Environment

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Cells are actively participating in their environment by continuous regulation of their structure and functions to adapt changing demands and extracellular stresses. Cells normally maintain a stable state called homeostasis which is defined as the remarkable ways of regulating the internal environment despite the dramatic changes that can occur sometimes in the external environment. If the cells encounter stress they will undergo to adapt which is the ability of cells to achieve a new steady state and preserving viability and […]

Third most Likely Diagnosis

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Systemic Lupus Erythematous (SLE) Systemic Lupus Erythematous (SLE) is a complex chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease of unknown cause, characterized by a variety of autoantibodies that attack self-components. It is mostly characterized by autoantibodies that attack nuclear antigens (McCance & Huether, 2014). Explain why the pathology is a possibility for this patient. Why do the clinical manifestations this patient has make you consider the pathophysiological problem? SLE is a chronic inflammatory disease that can attack any organ system, but it often […]

The Tumor Suppressor Role of TAp73 in Two Types of Cancer

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Transcription factor of p53 initiates apoptosis after receiving information about metabolic disorder or genetic damage, thus playing a critical role as tumor suppressor. p73 is a cousin of p53, shares lots of similarities with p53 including gene structure and amino acid level. Therefore, p73 is able to activate some p53 target genes by binding to p53-responsive elements when p53 is impaired. Also, p73 is rarely mutant compared to p53 in tumor cells. Whether p73 plays a role in tumor suppressor […]

Senescent Cells and Ageing: Unraveling the Mysteries of Zombie Cells

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Senescent cells are somatic cells, other than reproductive cells, that can no longer divide, but are resistant to apoptosis (Scudellari, 2017). Although these cells have no use, they do not die off, which gives them their trivial name of “zombie cells”. Zombie cells can exist in various parts of the body, and they all have their own specific resistance to apoptosis, express different extracellular proteins, and secrete different variations of molecules such as cytokines (Scudellari, 2017). This senescence secretion activity […]

Signal Transducer and Activators of Transcription

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Abstract Signal transducer and activators of transcription (STAT) protein are cytoplasmic transcription factor that have been known for cell tumor proliferation, survival, invasion, apoptosis and immune response. Each of these STAT family protein have a role and function when they are interacting with the cell in the human body. Among all of the STAT family protein the most important one is the STAT3. STAT3 is involved with many diseases as well as cancer. And the involvement it has with it […]

Cancer is a Vast Disease Category

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Abstract Cancer is a vast disease category that requires constant research for a cure. Over the decades, different treatment plans have arisen to try and combat the range of cancer cells. Some treatment has resulted in success, some end in death, and others are still an ongoing battle for the patients. Anti-cancer drugs have many side effects that come with them such as fatigue, inflammation, infection, and necrosis of cancerous cells. Cancer medicine has come a long way and now […]

What is Bioactive Compounds?

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Bioactive compounds, including polyphenols, phenolic acids, and flavonoids, have both antioxidant and pro-oxidant properties. They show high specificity, likely acting as both an antioxidant and a pro-oxidant. Approximately 60% of drugs currently used for cancer treatment have been isolated from natural products, with the plant kingdom being the most significant source. These include vinca alkaloids, taxus diterpenes, camptotheca alkaloids, and podophyllum lignans. Pro-oxidant activity is a major cause for obstructing growth factors linked to different signaling pathways that trigger cancer. […]

Neurobiology Final Exam

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This injury to the spinal cord would result in several different consequences to the cells and functioning of the spinal cord. For example, the severing of the axons of the neurons in the affected region would greatly impact the communication between the brain and the muscles. Thus, this will impede the transmission of sensory signals to the brain, as well as motor signals coming from the brain. Also, the death of oligodendrocytes would result in a lack of myelination in […]

Aminoglycoside-Induced Hair Cell Death and Potential Therapies

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Introduction Hearing loss is the third most common disorder in the United States, being more prevalent than diabetes or cancer (Blackwell et al., 2014). Our ability to hear is dependent on hair cells that can translate the sounds we hear into electrical impulses that can be interpreted by the brain. When sound waves enter the cochlea located in the inner ear, they deflect the apical portion of hair cells, also known as stereocilia. Stereocilia are connected to one another via […]

Essay about Resistance to Stress

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Caloric restriction extends longevity in yeast because the absence of Tor/Sch9 signaling causes a metabolic change that uses acetic acid, which is similar to the generation and use of ketone bodies, acetoacetic acid, and lower than that of glucose (Wei et al., 2009). High levels of acetic acid promotes apoptosis in yeast and is the primary factor promoting culture acidification, chronological aging, and apoptotic death (Burtner et al., 2009). Tor/Sch9 pathway blocks the utilization of acetate. Tor-Sch9 deficiency extends longevity […]

Potential Cancer Resistance

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Cancer proliferation is characterized by uncontrolled and unregulated cell growth resulting in tumors. In theory, as the size of organism increases there are more cells developing and dividing meaning that this is an increased probability of cancer development. Although, this response is theorized this is not what actually occurs, but why this trend is observed remains poorly understood. The present study aimed to understand these mechanisms of cancer suppression in large, vertebrate mammals in hopes of gaining insight to human […]

Promoter Hypermethylation

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Cancer stands among the foremost advanced human diseases with multiple levels of regulation. Despite the numerous progress that has been created in basic and clinical analysis, the incidence associated mortality rates related to malignant pathologies are still at high levels with an expected raised rate within the next fifteen years [Irimie A I et.al(2018)]. The sixth most typical malignancy that has been found is Head and Neck cancer, wherever carcinoma represents the foremost frequent subtype inside this spectrum [Irimie A […]

Cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase

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Genomic DNA can be damaged by endogenous or environmental stresses. During repair, these short single-stranded DNAs are continuously generated and may leak out to the cytoplasm, where they are generally drawn back into the nucleus by DNA repair and replication factors (RPA and Rad51). Alongside this, TREX1, a cytoplasmic exonuclease, is anchored on the outer nuclear membrane to degrade leaking DNAs immediately. This prevents activation of the cGAS/STING pathway against self DNA. Inhibition of any of the above-mentioned proteins leads […]

What is Cisplatin?

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Cisplatin is a "chemotherapeutic agent" that can covalently bind with DNA using the purine base, mainly guanine, in a cross-link that leads to transcription inhibition, cell cycle arrest, and an apoptotic effect27. Cisplatin is responsible for the production of reactive oxygen species28. Absorption of cisplatin into the nuclear DNA binds two adjacent guanines in the same DNA strand, causing an inhibition of DNA synthesis and cell death29. Moreover, programmed cell death or apoptosis has been associated with several anticancer drugs, […]

Apoptosis - Essay Examples And Topic Ideas For Free

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