Apoptosis is an important cellular process that allows cells to die in a programmed and organized fashion. This form of programmed cell death is crucial to the stability and equilibrium of living organisms. Such a process is shared amongst vertebrates and invertebrates alike (Miguel-Aliaga et al., 2009). It is easiest to define “normal” development by […]
Apoptosis goes on in each living thing. It shapes the beginning life form of every animal and is behind the huge adjustments of caterpillars into butterflies and tadpoles into frogs. Some plant cells moreover deliberately execute themselves, for example, to stop an assaulting parasitic or bacterial tainting spreading. In run of the mill tissues there […]
Introduction/Epidemiology A diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG), is a malignant tumor of the pons of the brainstem that originates in the supportive tissue called the glia. Specifically, these tumors are diffuse astrocytomas meaning that the tumor develops from astroglial cells of the brain stem. This tumor accounts for about 10%-20% of all brain tumors in […]
The article under review examines the acceleration of inflammation and growth of prostate tumor metastasis in bone due to apoptosis-induced CXCL5. Tumor cell death, which can be increased by target therapies, causes immense efferocytosis to clear the apoptotic cells. It is thought that this can lead to accelerated tumor growth. The scope of this research […]
Systemic Lupus Erythematous (SLE) Systemic Lupus Erythematous (SLE) is a complex chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease of unknown cause, characterized by a variety of autoantibodies that attack self-components but mostly characterized by autoantibodies that attack nuclear antigens (McCance & Huether, 2014). Explain why the pathology is a possibility for this patient. Why do the clinical manifestations this […]
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Place orderCancers such as leukemia and lymphoma are hematologic diseases that affect millions of Americans each year. Specifically, acute myeloid leukemia, which is also known as AML, is considered to be one of the most frequently occurring types of leukemia and is a major cause of mortality in the United States. Acute myeloid leukemia is infamous […]
The author declared that diosgenin, restrain STAT3 signaling way leading to inhibition of multiplication and chemosensitization of liver tumor cells (31). Overexpression of active STAT3 release diosgenin tempt apoptosis. Moreover, Diosgenin causes the aggregation of the cells in the G1 stage of the cell cycle and Diosgenin trigger caspase-3 and causes PARP cleavage in HCC […]
Introduction Hearing loss is the third most common disorder in the United States, being more prevalent than diabetes or cancer (Blackwell et al. 2014). Our ability to hear is dependent on hair cells that can translate the sounds we hear into electrical impulses that can be interpreted by the brain. When sounds waves enter the […]
The Immune system is a structure of body safeguarding to protect human body from antigens such as infectious and venomous agents . This system concedes, processes, and then eliminates antigens. Based on the descriptions and memory, the immune system deterrent is categorized into two which are the innate and adaptive immunity. The coordination and development […]
Humans are exposed with microbes that contain a vast array of allergenic substances that threaten normal homeostasis. Therefore, immune system is important to defend body from pathogens. It is eliminating pathological microbes and toxic or allergenic proteins, but at the same time it must avoid responses that produce excessive damage of self-tissues or that might […]
Function and Structure of PKB PKB contains three isoforms with catalytic domains similar to those in the AGC kinase family. PKB? was initially discovered through homology cloning and the similar appearance of its kinase domain resembled that of protein kinase A and C therefore it was named protein kinase B (PKB). It has two family […]
The globular protein caspase-9 initially many not seem very important or significant; it sounds like the ninth of many other caspase proteins. However, this protein plays a vital role in not only the cell’s life cycle, but the life of humans and other mammals as well. Caspase-9 is an enzyme that’s function ultimately leads to […]
Necrosis is classified as a disorganized cell death process in response to disease, cell injury, or lack of sufficient blood supply. Changes within the structure that indicate possible necrosis include “dense clumping and progressive disruption both genetic material and of plasma and organelle membranes (Understanding Pathophysiology).” Forms of necrosis include coagulative necrosis due to chemical […]
PYGL (glycogen phosphorylase) catalyzes degradation of glycogen and therefore allows it to be used as an energy source. The researchers were unable to obtain PYGL antibodies to further study the RIP3/PYGL interaction in necrosis. However, the interaction was induced by TNF but not zVAD. They incubated flag RIP3 missing glutathione S-transferase, which did not enhance […]
The basic concepts regarding the interactions between magnetic nanoparticles and a static or time-varying external magnetic field were reviewed. How these pertain to current biomedical applications of magnetic nanoparticles were also analyzed. The focus was in particular on magnetic separation and drug delivery. Although these are only two of the many biomedical applications of magnetic […]
Caloric restriction extends longevity in yeast because the absence of Tor/Sch9 signaling causes a metabolic change that uses acetic acid, which is similar to the generation and use of ketone bodies, acetoacetic acid, and lower than that of glucose (Wei et al., 2009). High levels of acetic acid promotes apoptosis in yeast and is the […]
Introduction Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a hyponym of wide-ranging liver conditions that can affect persons who drink little or no alcohol. As the name denotes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is mainly associated with excessive amounts of fat stored in liver cells; moreover, NAFLD is also characterized by type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance […]
This paper by Shen and collegues describes the role of the HIF-1 gene and the gene’s response to low oxygen levels in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). The hypoxia-inducible transcription factor (HIF-1) plays a critical role in being regulating systematic activities. The HIF-1? subunit contains proline residues which, in the presence of high oxygen levels are […]
The author noted that constrain the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase expression and stimulate apoptosis by diosgenin in human colon tumor cells and also diosgenin is a potent inhibitor of HCT-116 with growth inhibition and induction of apoptosis [39]. Diosgenin tempt apoptosis via Cyclooxygenase-2 and 5-lipoxygenase trail in HT-29 and HCT-116 [40]. The author described the initial […]
The essential oil is extracted from leaf, areal part, stem and inflorescence of Artemisia by various method, for example, hydro-distillation methods (Pandey, A.K. et al. 2014) . Essential oil is composed of more than 60 different component, the concentration and the composition of essential oil of same species differ related to change in geographical origin. […]
All living cells will eventually decay and die. There are two recognized types of cell death: apoptosis and necrosis. Apoptosis refers to the “self-destruction” of a cell by its own mechanisms. Typically, a cell will undergo apoptosis when it is no longer able to repair itself. This could result from a number of possible cell […]
“In a recent study, about 70 percent of all ovarian cancer patients are found at a very advance stages (3 or 4), and of those woman, about 80 percent will recur.6 As a result, ovarian cancer recurrence is something that most women fear. Before Zejula was approved, the treatment for cancer recurrence was chemotherapy.7 One […]
It is expected that cancer risk would increase with body size and life span. Peto’s paradox describes the lack of correlation between body size, life span, and cancer risk (Caulin, 2011). The cellular mechanism behind this has only been experimentally demonstrated in rodents. TP53 is a gene that codes for the p53 protein. This gene […]
“For centuries, our benefactor, the Honey bee, has served a significant role in the life of humans. Honey bees have both fascinated and healed humans in a multitude of ways. In the Upper Paleolithic period, some 25000 years ago, art crafted by the hands of man upon rocks illustrate our ancestors collecting their golden nectar […]
Abstract Endothelial dysfunction induced by exposure to high glucose conditions is recognized as one of the earliest events in the pathogenesis of diabetes-related vascular complications. Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome protein complex governs the production of interleukin-1? (IL-1?) and interleukin-18 (IL-18), two major proinflammatory cytokines involved in endothelial dysfunction and other diabetic comorbidities. Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) […]
Bioactive compounds, including polyphenols and phenolic acids or flavonoids, etc., have antioxidant and pro-oxidant properties. These compounds show high specificity because probably they act as an anti-oxidant and pro-oxidant. Approximately 60% of drugs currently used for cancer treatment have been isolated from natural products and the plant kingdom has been the most significant source. These […]
There are two well-known methods of cell execution namely: Apoptosis and Necrosis. Whereas necrosis is regarded as a violent form of cell death, apoptosis on the other hand, is a more benign, modulated and rational mode of killing cells which involves making well-informed decisions about selected cells to be terminated for the greater good of […]
Apoptosis is a form of preprogrammed cell death. It can occur if DNA is too damaged or if a cell is infected and cannot complete its function anymore. There are two pathways to trigger cell death. The extrinsic pathway begins the process through external ligand binding. The intrinsic pathway begins by releasing mitochondrial proteins into […]
Cells are constantly fighting between life and death. It is believed that once cells go through certain incidences, their death is irreversible. Incidences such as, shrinkage, the breakdown of DNA or mitochondria, condensation of the nucleus, as well as activation of caspases. A new ability to replenished cells was recently discovered; it is called anastasis. […]
Introduction Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is a type of holistic, natural health care system with its origin deeply rooted in the ancient philosophy of Taoism. The practice of TCM dates back more than 2500 years and it is regarded as one of the oldest forms of medicines. Chinese herbal medicines are a very important component […]
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