Biotechnology Essay Examples - Free Research Papers on PapersOwl.com

Photosynthesis Vs. Cellular Respiration the Major Processess in a Global Balance

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There are two key processes that occur in nature to obtain energy, they are photosynthesis and cellular respiration. The derivative of the word photosynthesis is the process in which energy of sunlight is converted by plants to store chemical energy in carbohydrate bonds. Photosynthesis is known to be performed by plants, as is cellular respiration. Cellular respiration is organisms obtaining energy from a conversation that releases energy when oxygen is present. These two processes work together hand in hand as […]

Are GMO Foods Better than Organic Foods

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When we talk about GMO a lot of people might think that GMO(genetic modified organism) is used in animal or human, but today I will talk about the use of GMO on the plant. A lot of people think that GMO is not safe for eat because you are changing a DNA/gene of the plant and our body might not recognize the food that we had eaten. Another group of people refuses to buy GMO labeled foods. This cost a […]

Genetics

Words: 1251 Pages: 4 6027

Introduction The hereditary molecule that is tasked with carrying genetic instructions that are used in all living things in development, growth, reproduction and functioning is referred to as deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). DNA molecules consist of two strands which are bipolar and are mostly coiled near to one another to form a spiral. This strands are referred to as polynucleotides simply because they are made of small units known as nucleotides. The information of the DNA is stored in this nucleotides. […]

DNA and Mutations

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Occurrence of mutation. Mutation is the process that produces a gene or a chromosome set different from the wild type. For instance this allows us to measure the frequency of mutation occurance.a cell caring mutation can be used as probes to disassemble the constituent parts of a biological function and to examine their workings and interrelations.For a recessive mutation to give rise to a mutant phenotype in a diploid organism both alleles must carry the mutation but one copy of […]

Exome Sequencing to Identify Rare Mutations Associated with Breast Cancer Susceptibility

Words: 2003 Pages: 7 4178

Abstract Background – Breast cancer predisposition has been known to be caused by hereditary factors. New techniques particularly exome sequencing have allowed/ helped us to identify new and novel variants that exhibit a phenotype. Method – In this review we discuss the advantages of exome sequencing and how it could help in understanding the familial breast cancer. In particular, we will discuss about the studies by Noh et al.(1), Thompson et al.(2), and Kiiski et al.(3), on how they have […]

GMO’s at a Corporate Scale

Words: 1907 Pages: 6 4562

Genetic modification is the direct alteration of an organism’s genetic material using biotechnology. Currently, this form of genetic modification is a rapidly developing field because of the benefits it provides the environment and mankind. However, with GMOs on the rise a great deal of controversy has been sparked. While GMOs prove to be beneficial in some cases, they do have they’re drawbacks. All around the world people are beginning to protest against GMOs and the giant corporations which develop them. […]

GMO or GM no

Words: 740 Pages: 2 5456

It is common knowledge that a nutritious well-balanced diet is important to our health and well-being. Some of the time food biotechnology prompts resistance from buyer gatherings and hostile to biotechnology from lobbyist gatherings. As far as safety for humans, it is commonly recognized that testing of GMO (Genetically Modified Organisms) foods have been deficient in the identification of unpredicted allergens or poisons which can prompt destructive outcomes. However, research has shown that GMOs may be extremely useful in a […]

GMO’s on Developing Countries

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Biotechnology advanced in 1973 when Stanley Cohen and Professor Herbert Boyer originated Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) recombination (Friedberg, 590). Recombinant DNA (rDNA), more commonly known as ‘transgenic’ or genetically modified organisms, are made by withdrawing genes from one species and forcefully infusing the genes into another species. According to Catherine Feuillet (2015), GMOs were created with objectives to improve crop characteristics and overall help the environment. Not only are seeds being manipulated, but animals are too. Although the animals are mainly […]

Research Paper: Genetically Modified Organisms

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Genetically modified organisms, otherwise referred to as GMOs, is a highly debated and researched topic throughout the world, however, highly prevalent in the United States today. It is plant, animals, or other organism in which their genetic makeup has been altered or modified by either genetic engineering or transgenic technology. GMOs are used either in the medical field or agriculturally, looking to cure diseases and create vaccines or attempt to get the healthiest or highest profit out a product. Prior […]

GMO in Foods

Words: 627 Pages: 2 5685

Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) is a reasonably well-known concept. This experimental technology modifies DNA from different species, including plants, animals, and bacteria, to create a longer lasting food product. Many people are not aware of the adverse side effects GMOs can cause to the body (“What are GMOs?”). Although it might be a solution to creating an abundance of food production, GMOs are harmful to the environment and increases the risk of health problems on the consumers (Baetens). The purpose […]

Social and Ethical Implications of GMO’s

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There are biotechnology debates about genetically modified organisms in society and can be illustrated with the serious conflict between two groups that are voicing possible benefits and possible drawbacks to GMOs. First, are the Agricultural biotech companies that provide tools to farmers to yield bigger better crops but in the most cost-effective way, also known as Agri-biotech. Agri-biotech investors and their affiliated scientists versus the independent scientists, environmentalists, farmers, and consumers (Maghari 1). On one hand, you have the Agri-biotech […]

GMO’s: Safe or Harmful?

Words: 809 Pages: 3 7422

Ever since the first signs of agriculture, there have been new developments in every generation. The world’s population and demand for food is progressively growing getting larger as every day, as well as the demand for food, and whereas, the land that is used for agricultureal production is diminishing not getting any larger. Crop scientists are working hard every day to find a way to multiply farmers’ yields and to do it in a safe and healthy way. Many crop […]

Are G.M.O. Foods Safe?

Words: 1754 Pages: 6 7618

Following the discovery of the double helix, DNA structure in 1953, genetic engineering became increasingly popular in experimenting with different genetic traits, within different organisms. The science behind Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) is different from selective breeding. It involves the insertion of DNA from one organism into another, or a modification of an organism’s DNA in order to achieve a desired trait. Today, scientist and farmers have teamed up in producing GMO’s with animals and plants that have affected today’s […]

Idea of Photosynthesis by Jan Ingenhousz

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To begin, the idea of photosynthesis was created by, according to Encyclopaedia Britannica, “”A Dutch scientist, Jan Ingenhousz. (Ingenhousz 1.) He was born in the Netherlands on December 8, 1730. Ingenhousz, is most known for his discovery of photosynthesis. According, to Encyclopedia Britannica, “”Ingenhousz discovered that light is necessary for photosynthesis, only the green parts of the plant perform photosynthesis, and all living parts of the plant can potentially damage the air.”” (Ingenhousz 1.) Photosynthesis occurs in two steps inside […]

Annona Muricate and Annonaceous Acetogenins

Words: 1618 Pages: 5 4337

Introduction For the past decades cancer death has increase and remained one of the most high risk health concern in the world. According to the American Cancer Society, in 2019, there will be an estimated of 1,762,450 new cancer cases diagnose and 606,880 cancer death in the United States. Cancer occurs because of several changes in cell physiology that eventually replicate and produce harm to the body. There are more than 100 types of cancer, found in the human body […]

Potential Mechanisms for Cancer Resistance in Elephants and Comparativage in Humans

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It is expected that cancer risk would increase with body size and life span. Peto’s paradox describes the lack of correlation between body size, life span, and cancer risk (Caulin, 2011). The cellular mechanism behind this has only been experimentally demonstrated in rodents. TP53 is a gene that codes for the p53 protein. This gene is vital in tumor suppression, and is mutated in many human cancers (Jiang, 2018). Humans have one copy (2 alleles) of this gene. Both alleles […]

Frontiers in Pharmacology

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Summary of Research Method Applied In Vitro Studies : give us some useful information about the effects of Bryostatin-1 on the mechanisms involved in MS such as oxidative stress . Explanation ; Oxidative stress is an imbalance between the production of free radicals and the ability of the body to counteract or detoxify their harmful effects through neutralization by antioxidants. The viability tests : Explanation; is an assay to determine the ability of organs, cells or tissues to maintain or […]

Cells are Actively Participating in their Environment

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Cells are actively participating in their environment by continuous regulation of their structure and functions to adapt changing demands and extracellular stresses. Cells normally maintain a stable state called homeostasis which is defined as the remarkable ways of regulating the internal environment despite the dramatic changes that can occur sometimes in the external environment. If the cells encounter stress they will undergo to adapt which is the ability of cells to achieve a new steady state and preserving viability and […]

The Tumor Suppressor Role of TAp73 in Two Types of Cancer

Words: 1728 Pages: 6 4005

Transcription factor of p53 initiates apoptosis after receiving information about metabolic disorder or genetic damage, thus playing a critical role as tumor suppressor. p73 is a cousin of p53, shares lots of similarities with p53 including gene structure and amino acid level. Therefore, p73 is able to activate some p53 target genes by binding to p53-responsive elements when p53 is impaired. Also, p73 is rarely mutant compared to p53 in tumor cells. Whether p73 plays a role in tumor suppressor […]

About Senescent Cells

Words: 1850 Pages: 6 4175

Senescent cells are somatic cells, other than reproductive cells, that can no longer divide, but are resistant to apoptosis (Scudellari, 2017). Although these cells have no use, they do not die off, which gives them their trivial name of “zombie cells”. Zombie cells can exist in various parts of the body, and they all have their own specific resistance to apoptosis, express different extracellular proteins, and secrete different variations of molecules such as cytokines (Scudellari, 2017). This senescence secretion activity […]

Worldwide Health Concern

Words: 1813 Pages: 6 4145

Abstract Cancer has become a worldwide health concern and a need for a cure exposed us to seek natural alternatives. The Annona muricata is a plant-based remedy which popularity have increase over time due to its anticancer properties. It’s organisms constituents have shown to have promising compounds that can instigate apoptosis and proliferation to cancer cells. Numerous vitro and vivo studies have reveal the A. muricata possess potential anticancer constituents. Indeed, annonaceous acetogenins, ethyl acetate and ionic liquid have shown […]

Signal Transducer and Activators of Transcription

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Abstract Signal transducer and activators of transcription (STAT) protein are cytoplasmic transcription factor that have been known for cell tumor proliferation, survival, invasion, apoptosis and immune response. Each of these STAT family protein have a role and function when they are interacting with the cell in the human body. Among all of the STAT family protein the most important one is the STAT3. STAT3 is involved with many diseases as well as cancer. And the involvement it has with it […]

Cancer is a Vast Disease Category

Words: 2004 Pages: 7 4846

Abstract Cancer is a vast disease category that requires constant research for a cure. Over the decades, different treatment plans have arisen to try and combat the range of cancer cells. Some treatment has resulted in success, some end in death, and others are still an ongoing battle for the patients. Anti-cancer drugs have many side effects that come with them such as fatigue, inflammation, infection, and necrosis of cancerous cells. Cancer medicine has come a long way and now […]

Aminoglycoside-Induced Hair Cell Death and Potential Therapies

Words: 1592 Pages: 5 3828

Introduction Hearing loss is the third most common disorder in the United States, being more prevalent than diabetes or cancer (Blackwell et al. 2014). Our ability to hear is dependent on hair cells that can translate the sounds we hear into electrical impulses that can be interpreted by the brain. When sounds waves enter the cochlea located in the inner ear, they deflect the apical portion of hair cells also known as the stereocilia. Stereocilia are connected to one another […]

Essay about Resistance to Stress

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Caloric restriction extends longevity in yeast because the absence of Tor/Sch9 signaling causes a metabolic change that uses acetic acid, which is similar to the generation and use of ketone bodies, acetoacetic acid, and lower than that of glucose (Wei et al., 2009). High levels of acetic acid promotes apoptosis in yeast and is the primary factor promoting culture acidification, chronological aging, and apoptotic death (Burtner et al., 2009). Tor/Sch9 pathway blocks the utilization of acetate. Tor-Sch9 deficiency extends longevity […]

HeLa the Immortal Cell

Words: 1699 Pages: 6 5212

Cells are the basic building blocks of life and make up all living organisms. There are two classifications of cells in every organism called prokaryotes and eukaryotes. A prokaryotic cell composes of single cell organisms like bacteria for example. While, a eukaryotic cell consists of multicellular organisms, the example for that is humans. The human body contains 75 trillion cells and each has its specific purpose and functions that they carry out throughout the human body. The human body is […]

Potential Cancer Resistance

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Cancer proliferation is characterized by uncontrolled and unregulated cell growth resulting in tumors. In theory, as the size of organism increases there are more cells developing and dividing meaning that this is an increased probability of cancer development. Although, this response is theorized this is not what actually occurs, but why this trend is observed remains poorly understood. The present study aimed to understand these mechanisms of cancer suppression in large, vertebrate mammals in hopes of gaining insight to human […]

Promoter Hypermethylation

Words: 410 Pages: 1 3799

Cancer stands among the foremost advanced human diseases with multiple levels of regulation. Despite the numerous progress that has been created in basic and clinical analysis, the incidence associated mortality rates related to malignant pathologies are still at high levels with an expected raised rate within the next fifteen years [Irimie A I et.al(2018)]. The sixth most typical malignancy that has been found is Head and Neck cancer, wherever carcinoma represents the foremost frequent subtype inside this spectrum [Irimie A […]

Cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase

Words: 835 Pages: 3 3691

cGAS (cyclic GMP-AMP synthase) has a dsDNA-binding domain that can sense cytosolic DNA and catalyze the production of second messenger, cGAMP (cyclic GMP-AMP dinucleotide). This further binds to and activates ER-localised adapter protein STING (stimulator of interferon genes) that induces type I IFN (IFN? or IFN?) via TBK1-IRF3 signalling. After their secretion, type I IFNs bind to the type I IFN receptor (IFNAR) in an autocrine as well as paracrine manner. This signal induces the expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) […]

What is Cisplatin?

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Cisplatin is a “chemotherapeutic agent” which can bind with DNA covalently with the purine base mainly guanine in a cross link that leads to transcription inhibition, arrest cell cycle and causes apoptotic effect27. Cisplatin is responsible of production of reactive oxygen species28 Absorption of cisplatin into the nucleus DNA, binding two adjacent guanines in the same DNA strand causing an inhibition of DNA synthesis and death of the cell 29. In addition, Programmed cell death or apoptosis has been associated […]

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