Introduction In 1997, a Nature Biotechnology article reported how the advances in genomics have been building a foundation for a future of personalized medicine where produced drugs are directed to the individual rather than the “average person.” Over the years in health related industries, individualized medicine has become a powerful term that brings forth a […]
It is common knowledge that a nutritious well-balanced diet is important to our health and well-being. Some of the time food biotechnology prompts resistance from buyer gatherings and hostile to biotechnology from lobbyist gatherings. As far as safety for humans, it is commonly recognized that testing of GMO (Genetically Modified Organisms) foods have been deficient […]
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Get startedWhen we talk about GMO a lot of people might think that GMO(genetic modified organism) is used in animal or human, but today I will talk about the use of GMO on the plant. A lot of people think that GMO is not safe for eat because you are changing a DNA/gene of the plant […]
There are biotechnology debates about genetically modified organisms in society and can be illustrated with the serious conflict between two groups that are voicing possible benefits and possible drawbacks to GMOs. First, are the Agricultural biotech companies that provide tools to farmers to yield bigger better crops but in the most cost-effective way, also known […]
Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) is a reasonably well-known concept. This experimental technology modifies DNA from different species, including plants, animals, and bacteria, to create a longer lasting food product. Many people are not aware of the adverse side effects GMOs can cause to the body (“What are GMOs?”). Although it might be a solution to […]
Genetic modification is the direct alteration of an organism’s genetic material using biotechnology. Currently, this form of genetic modification is a rapidly developing field because of the benefits it provides the environment and mankind. However, with GMOs on the rise a great deal of controversy has been sparked. While GMOs prove to be beneficial in […]
Introduction Graphene and graphene oxide Graphene is an ultra-thin single layer of carbon where the carbon atoms are arranged in a hexagonal lattice. Graphene most common structures are carbon nanotubes (rolled up graphene sheets) and graphite (graphene layers are stacked and held together by weak forces, mainly Van der Vaals) which are becoming more used […]
Biotechnology advanced in 1973 when Stanley Cohen and Professor Herbert Boyer originated Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) recombination (Friedberg, 590). Recombinant DNA (rDNA), more commonly known as ‘transgenic’ or genetically modified organisms, are made by withdrawing genes from one species and forcefully infusing the genes into another species. According to Catherine Feuillet (2015), GMOs were created with […]
Ever since the first signs of agriculture, there have been new developments in every generation. The world’s population and demand for food is progressively growing getting larger as every day, as well as the demand for food, and whereas, the land that is used for agricultureal production is diminishing not getting any larger. Crop scientists […]
Following the discovery of the double helix, DNA structure in 1953, genetic engineering became increasingly popular in experimenting with different genetic traits, within different organisms. The science behind Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) is different from selective breeding. It involves the insertion of DNA from one organism into another, or a modification of an organism’s DNA […]
“In 1997, a Nature Biotechnology article reported how the advances made in genomics have been building a foundation for a future of personalized medicines where produced drugs are focused for the individual rather than the “average person.” Over the years in health related industries, personalized medicine has become a powerful term that brings forth a […]
The globular protein caspase-9 initially many not seem very important or significant; it sounds like the ninth of many other caspase proteins. However, this protein plays a vital role in not only the cell’s life cycle, but the life of humans and other mammals as well. Caspase-9 is an enzyme that’s function ultimately leads to […]
As a treatment of different cancer diseases, chemotherapy and radiotherapy are used on patients. Unfortunately radiotherapy may cause dangerous effects. Investigating these effects and determinations of risk reliable research. It is shown that IR’s most dangerous effect in cells are DBSs and that monitoring ?-H2AX focus numbers were useful biomarker to detect the invidual ionizing […]
This paper by Shen and collegues describes the role of the HIF-1 gene and the gene’s response to low oxygen levels in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). The hypoxia-inducible transcription factor (HIF-1) plays a critical role in being regulating systematic activities. The HIF-1? subunit contains proline residues which, in the presence of high oxygen levels are […]
Function and Structure of PKB PKB contains three isoforms with catalytic domains similar to those in the AGC kinase family. PKB? was initially discovered through homology cloning and the similar appearance of its kinase domain resembled that of protein kinase A and C therefore it was named protein kinase B (PKB). It has two family […]
Apoptosis goes on in each living thing. It shapes the beginning life form of every animal and is behind the huge adjustments of caterpillars into butterflies and tadpoles into frogs. Some plant cells moreover deliberately execute themselves, for example, to stop an assaulting parasitic or bacterial tainting spreading. In run of the mill tissues there […]
Apoptosis is a form of preprogrammed cell death. It can occur if DNA is too damaged or if a cell is infected and cannot complete its function anymore. There are two pathways to trigger cell death. The extrinsic pathway begins the process through external ligand binding. The intrinsic pathway begins by releasing mitochondrial proteins into […]
At a cellular basis, cancer cells are not that different from normal cells. In fact, from a biological view point cancer cells originate from normal cells. The features of a cancer cell; such as migrating away from its origin point, mutating and replicating itself, evading cell death and providing itself with a supply of oxygen […]
Viruses are pathogens which have harmful effects on bodies. The body has different methods to eliminate them from the body. But some viruses have evasion mechanisms through which they can counteract the effects of the body. They can suppress the effects of the body and survive and propagate in the body. Viruses interact with eukaryotic […]
Apoptosis is an event in which a cell is programmed and specifically sentenced to death. It happens naturally in the body. Apoptosis in greek means to fall off, and that’s one way to think about it. It’s as if one, or a few chosen cells are falling off a cliff, while the rest keep working. […]
The basic concepts regarding the interactions between magnetic nanoparticles and a static or time-varying external magnetic field were reviewed. How these pertain to current biomedical applications of magnetic nanoparticles were also analyzed. The focus was in particular on magnetic separation and drug delivery. Although these are only two of the many biomedical applications of magnetic […]
Abstract: Haemoglobinopathies are the commonest single gene disorders in the world, which result in anaemia due to premature destruction of red cells. Defective globin chain renders the cells vulnerable to oxidative damage. Such anaemic state can only be corrected by regular transfusion of blood. The only way to reduce the transfusional load, is through salvaging […]
Abstract Endothelial dysfunction induced by exposure to high glucose conditions is recognized as one of the earliest events in the pathogenesis of diabetes-related vascular complications. Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome protein complex governs the production of interleukin-1? (IL-1?) and interleukin-18 (IL-18), two major proinflammatory cytokines involved in endothelial dysfunction and other diabetic comorbidities. Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) […]
Abstract The induction of DNA-double-strand-breaks (DSB) is a hallmark of radiation induced cytotoxicity. Upon induction of DSBs, the cellular DNA repair machinery detects these lesions and activates signaling cascades which induce the repair of DSBs. A key component in DNA repair is the histone protein H2AX, which becomes rapidly phosphorylated on a serine four residues […]
Prostate cancer continues to be a major cause of cancer-related death in the male population of the western world even with incidence rates on the rise worldwide. The western world appreciates this increase in new prostate cancer diagnoses each year presumably resulting from their lifestyle and environment (Tian, Guo, Zheng, & Ahmad, 2017). A clear […]
Background Prostate cancer is one of the most common forms of cancer that can metastasize to the bone. The mechanism of how cancer cells break away from their primary origin and travel through the bloodstream to the bone is a process that is still unclear to many scientists (“Bone Metastasis,” 2018). Once cancer cells reach […]
“The visual system is arguably the most important sense that humans have in order to navigate the world around them. The eyes are highly susceptible to UV light, making them a prime target for free radical oxidation of both lipids and proteins, causing cell damage and eventually, cell death. One such disease caused by UV […]
The article under review examines the acceleration of inflammation and growth of prostate tumor metastasis in bone due to apoptosis-induced CXCL5. Tumor cell death, which can be increased by target therapies, causes immense efferocytosis to clear the apoptotic cells. It is thought that this can lead to accelerated tumor growth. The scope of this research […]
Significance According to 2018 data, an estimated 609,640 people in the United States will die from cancer this year, while approximately 1.7 million new cases of cancer will be diagnosed1. Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the US and constitutes approximately 22 percent of deaths1. In addition, cancer creates huge financial burdens […]
One of the most known tumor suppressors is p53 which has very low concentration because of short half-life time. Reason for this short half-life is E3 ubiquitin ligase MDM2. MDM2 is one of the genes regulated by transcription which p53 regulates. Increased p53 levels result also increased of MDM2 transcription rate, followed by this, it […]
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