There are two key processes that occur in nature to obtain energy, they are photosynthesis and cellular respiration. The derivative of the word photosynthesis is the process in which energy of sunlight is converted by plants to store chemical energy in carbohydrate bonds. Photosynthesis is known to be performed by plants, as is cellular respiration. […]
When we talk about GMO a lot of people might think that GMO(genetic modified organism) is used in animal or human, but today I will talk about the use of GMO on the plant. A lot of people think that GMO is not safe for eat because you are changing a DNA/gene of the plant […]
Occurrence of mutation. Mutation is the process that produces a gene or a chromosome set different from the wild type. For instance this allows us to measure the frequency of mutation occurance.a cell caring mutation can be used as probes to disassemble the constituent parts of a biological function and to examine their workings and […]
There are two well-known methods of cell execution namely: Apoptosis and Necrosis. Whereas necrosis is regarded as a violent form of cell death, apoptosis on the other hand, is a more benign, modulated and rational mode of killing cells which involves making well-informed decisions about selected cells to be terminated for the greater good of […]
Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) is a reasonably well-known concept. This experimental technology modifies DNA from different species, including plants, animals, and bacteria, to create a longer lasting food product. Many people are not aware of the adverse side effects GMOs can cause to the body (“What are GMOs?”). Although it might be a solution to […]
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Place orderRegulation of cell death is vital in the development, pathogenesis and homeostasis, acute and chronic Diseases are associated with excessive cell death resulting tissue damage. Caspase dependent apoptosis is a programmed cell death which is implicated in normal and disease pathogenesis. Ferroptosis was shown to be distinct from other cell death modalities, based on morphological, […]
There are biotechnology debates about genetically modified organisms in society and can be illustrated with the serious conflict between two groups that are voicing possible benefits and possible drawbacks to GMOs. First, are the Agricultural biotech companies that provide tools to farmers to yield bigger better crops but in the most cost-effective way, also known […]
“In physiological settings, intrinsic genetic programs allow eukaryotic cells to commit suicide in a regulated manner. The best studied programmed cell death is apoptosis which is regulated by cysteine-aspartic proteases called caspases. Apoptosis is crucial for the development of an organism and is immunologically silent due to the containment of intracellular contents which do not […]
Estrogen, a steroid hormone, produced by the ovaries, has been the focus of research for its neurobehavioral and physiological properties. Estrogen has many different functions besides its well documented roles in reproductive development and sexual differentiation (Vrtacnik et al 2014). For example, the importance of estrogen becomes apparently clear during menopause when the endogenous levels […]
Ever since the first signs of agriculture, there have been new developments in every generation. The world’s population and demand for food is progressively growing getting larger as every day, as well as the demand for food, and whereas, the land that is used for agricultureal production is diminishing not getting any larger. Crop scientists […]
“In this study, the authors’ main focus is the MLKL protein properties such as; where it is translocated, what it induces upon translocation, and the possible complexes that if forms. The experiment as whole, shows the MLKL becomes phosphorylated by RIP3 and results in an engagement with the necrosome through its interaction with RIP 3. […]
Introduction Hearing loss is the third most common disorder in the United States, being more prevalent than diabetes or cancer (Blackwell et al. 2014). Our ability to hear is dependent on hair cells that can translate the sounds we hear into electrical impulses that can be interpreted by the brain. When sounds waves enter the […]
Before delving into the molecular biology and therapeutic potentials of induced pluripotent stem cells, it is crucial that foundational definitions and descriptions are provided. A stem cell commences as an undifferentiated cell that can either undergo self-renewal whereby it generates daughter cells that remain as stem cells, or mature into a specific cell type via […]
Introduction/Epidemiology A diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG), is a malignant tumor of the pons of the brainstem that originates in the supportive tissue called the glia. Specifically, these tumors are diffuse astrocytomas meaning that the tumor develops from astroglial cells of the brain stem. This tumor accounts for about 10%-20% of all brain tumors in […]
The author noted that constrain the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase expression and stimulate apoptosis by diosgenin in human colon tumor cells and also diosgenin is a potent inhibitor of HCT-116 with growth inhibition and induction of apoptosis [39]. Diosgenin tempt apoptosis via Cyclooxygenase-2 and 5-lipoxygenase trail in HT-29 and HCT-116 [40]. The author described the initial […]
Humans are exposed with microbes that contain a vast array of allergenic substances that threaten normal homeostasis. Therefore, immune system is important to defend body from pathogens. It is eliminating pathological microbes and toxic or allergenic proteins, but at the same time it must avoid responses that produce excessive damage of self-tissues or that might […]
One of the most leading cause of death globally is cancer and it is responsible for 8.8 million deaths in 2017. It is expected that there would be 70% rise in the number of new cases of cancer in the next two decades. Cancer causes nearly 1 in 6 deaths globally. Cancer is a complex […]
Introduction Autophagy is a highly conserved and regulated process that occurs in cells to maintain cellular homeostasis. It is a catalytic process in which cytoplasmic components, such as macromolecules, organelles, and debris, are degraded, thus providing new building block for cellular recycling. Autophagy is also important for promoting cell survival in response to stressful environmental […]
The Rho-associated coiled-coil containing kinases (ROCKs) are ubiquitously expressed serine/threonine kinases that are downstream effectors of the RhoA GTPase (Ishizaki et al., 1996b; Leung et al., 1996a; Leung et al., 1995a; Matsui et al., 1996a; Nakagawa et al., 1996a; Schackmann et al., 2011). ROCKs are key regulators of the actomyosin cytoskeleton dynamics, as well as […]
Cells are the basic building blocks of life and make up all living organisms. There are two classifications of cells in every organism called prokaryotes and eukaryotes. A prokaryotic cell composes of single cell organisms like bacteria for example. While, a eukaryotic cell consists of multicellular organisms, the example for that is humans. The human […]
Introduction The hereditary molecule that is tasked with carrying genetic instructions that are used in all living things in development, growth, reproduction and functioning is referred to as deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). DNA molecules consist of two strands which are bipolar and are mostly coiled near to one another to form a spiral. This strands are […]
“In ordinary tissues there is a harmony between the age of new cells by means of cell division and the loss of cells by means of cell demise. Old cells progress toward becoming harmed after some time and are wiped out. This is a basic type of recharging. Models incorporate shedding of skin cells and […]
P2X7 also known as “purinoceptor” is a famous gene related protein that is found in humans beings and is encoded and related to the P2RX7 gene family. The root of this gene is related to the family of purinoceptors for ATP. In this research paper, we will start by explaining the functional properties of the […]
Abstract Background – Breast cancer predisposition has been known to be caused by hereditary factors. New techniques particularly exome sequencing have allowed/ helped us to identify new and novel variants that exhibit a phenotype. Method – In this review we discuss the advantages of exome sequencing and how it could help in understanding the familial […]
Genetic modification is the direct alteration of an organism’s genetic material using biotechnology. Currently, this form of genetic modification is a rapidly developing field because of the benefits it provides the environment and mankind. However, with GMOs on the rise a great deal of controversy has been sparked. While GMOs prove to be beneficial in […]
Cancer proliferation is characterized by uncontrolled and unregulated cell growth resulting in tumors. In theory, as the size of organism increases there are more cells developing and dividing meaning that this is an increased probability of cancer development. Although, this response is theorized this is not what actually occurs, but why this trend is observed […]
Cancer stands among the foremost advanced human diseases with multiple levels of regulation. Despite the numerous progress that has been created in basic and clinical analysis, the incidence associated mortality rates related to malignant pathologies are still at high levels with an expected raised rate within the next fifteen years [Irimie A I et.al(2018)]. The […]
It is common knowledge that a nutritious well-balanced diet is important to our health and well-being. Some of the time food biotechnology prompts resistance from buyer gatherings and hostile to biotechnology from lobbyist gatherings. As far as safety for humans, it is commonly recognized that testing of GMO (Genetically Modified Organisms) foods have been deficient […]
Biotechnology advanced in 1973 when Stanley Cohen and Professor Herbert Boyer originated Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) recombination (Friedberg, 590). Recombinant DNA (rDNA), more commonly known as ‘transgenic’ or genetically modified organisms, are made by withdrawing genes from one species and forcefully infusing the genes into another species. According to Catherine Feuillet (2015), GMOs were created with […]
Genetically modified organisms, otherwise referred to as GMOs, is a highly debated and researched topic throughout the world, however, highly prevalent in the United States today. It is plant, animals, or other organism in which their genetic makeup has been altered or modified by either genetic engineering or transgenic technology. GMOs are used either in […]
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