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Journal Article for Review: Apoptosis-induced CXCL5

Words: 1435 Pages: 5 3967

The article under review examines the acceleration of inflammation and growth of prostate tumor metastasis in bone due to apoptosis-induced CXCL5. Tumor cell death, which can be increased by target therapies, causes immense efferocytosis to clear the apoptotic cells. It is thought that this can lead to accelerated tumor growth. The scope of this research article is limited to prostate cancer cells and the proinflammatory cytokine, CKCL5 along with other variants. This article will exclude other ways of metastasis of […]

Globular Protein – Caspase-9 Enzyme

Words: 1667 Pages: 6 3881

The globular protein caspase-9 initially many not seem very important or significant; it sounds like the ninth of many other caspase proteins. However, this protein plays a vital role in not only the cell’s life cycle, but the life of humans and other mammals as well. Caspase-9 is an enzyme that’s function ultimately leads to cell degradation and apoptosis. This protein is a member of the peptidase family C14, and is encoded by the CASP9 gene located on the short […]

What is UV Light?

Words: 1463 Pages: 5 4112

“The visual system is arguably the most important sense that humans have in order to navigate the world around them. The eyes are highly susceptible to UV light, making them a prime target for free radical oxidation of both lipids and proteins, causing cell damage and eventually, cell death. One such disease caused by UV light exposure is called age related macular degeneration (AMD), which is the most common cause of blindness in the United States. This disease is complicated […]

Combined Analysis of Genes

Words: 982 Pages: 3 4138

CDH1 CDH1 which is also known as E-cadherin founds on chromosome 16q22.1 and supports cell–cell adhesion by forming adhesive junctions in epithelial cells for inititating and preserving intercellular adhesion, cell polarirty, intercellular signalling and structure of tissue. There have many reports that emphasize on a fact that CDH1 is being expressed in several types of cancer. And if the CDH1 is not present , it is adamantly indicating that there might be changes in cell’s function and motility. It was […]

Accelerated Inflammation and Cancer Metastases

Words: 1226 Pages: 4 4262

Background Prostate cancer is one of the most common forms of cancer that can metastasize to the bone. The mechanism of how cancer cells break away from their primary origin and travel through the bloodstream to the bone is a process that is still unclear to many scientists (“Bone Metastasis,” 2018). Once cancer cells reach the bone, they become a part of an environment where it is easy for the cells to become mobile, proliferate, and differentiate to proinflammatory cells. […]

Glycyrrhetinic Acid Functionalized Graphene Oxide

Words: 1096 Pages: 4 3793

Introduction Graphene and graphene oxide Graphene is an ultra-thin single layer of carbon where the carbon atoms are arranged in a hexagonal lattice. Graphene most common structures are carbon nanotubes (rolled up graphene sheets) and graphite (graphene layers are stacked and held together by weak forces, mainly Van der Vaals) which are becoming more used day by day in all sorts of different applications such as energy storage, thermal applications, mechanical strength and it is starting to develop in biomedicine, […]

A Brief Review of Prostate Adenocarcinoma

Words: 2123 Pages: 7 4088

Prostate cancer continues to be a major cause of cancer-related death in the male population of the western world even with incidence rates on the rise worldwide. The western world appreciates this increase in new prostate cancer diagnoses each year presumably resulting from their lifestyle and environment (Tian, Guo, Zheng, & Ahmad, 2017). A clear clinical diagnosis of prostate adenocarcinoma is the hands of a pathologist following a needle-biopsy and depends on the absence of the basal layer of the […]

Endothelial Dysfunction Induced by Exposure to High Glucose Conditions

Words: 3232 Pages: 11 3864

Abstract Endothelial dysfunction induced by exposure to high glucose conditions is recognized as one of the earliest events in the pathogenesis of diabetes-related vascular complications. Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome protein complex governs the production of interleukin-1? (IL-1?) and interleukin-18 (IL-18), two major proinflammatory cytokines involved in endothelial dysfunction and other diabetic comorbidities. Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) is an important protective factor that is essential for activation of NLRP3 and is down-regulated in response to high glucose. Recently, there has been conflicting […]

Haemoglobinopathies are the Commonest Single Gene Disorders in the Worl

Words: 2717 Pages: 9 3759

Abstract: Haemoglobinopathies are the commonest single gene disorders in the world, which result in anaemia due to premature destruction of red cells. Defective globin chain renders the cells vulnerable to oxidative damage. Such anaemic state can only be corrected by regular transfusion of blood. The only way to reduce the transfusional load, is through salvaging such defective red cells from free radical induced oxidative damage. In this research we will find the inducer which will shield the dyserythropoiesis and increase […]

A Review on Pharmacological and Analytical Aspects of Diosgenin

Words: 661 Pages: 2 4052

The author declared that diosgenin, restrain STAT3 signaling way leading to inhibition of multiplication and chemosensitization of liver tumor cells (31). Overexpression of active STAT3 release diosgenin tempt apoptosis. Moreover, Diosgenin causes the aggregation of the cells in the G1 stage of the cell cycle and Diosgenin trigger caspase-3 and causes PARP cleavage in HCC [31]. Diosgenin reduced the expression of the STAT3-regulated gene including Bcl-2, Mcl-1, cyclin D1, Bcl-2, and VEGF. It likewise led to the elimination of proliferation, […]

Magnetism in Nanomaterials

Words: 297 Pages: 1 4156

The basic concepts regarding the interactions between magnetic nanoparticles and a static or time-varying external magnetic field were reviewed. How these pertain to current biomedical applications of magnetic nanoparticles were also analyzed. The focus was in particular on magnetic separation and drug delivery. Although these are only two of the many biomedical applications of magnetic nanoparticles that are currently being explored. The main mechanism was oscillatory movement of ferromagnetic ions; magnetic twisting cytometry, a process in which ferromagnetic microspheres are […]

Innate Immune Recognition of DNA

Words: 598 Pages: 2 3984

The cGAS is an innate immune sensor that detects double-stranded DNA. Detection of foreign DNA is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism that alerts the host immune system to mount a defense response to pathogen infections. But, there is also a challenging side for the host that how they distinguish the foreign DNA with the much abundant self genome. The presence of self or foreign DNA in the cytoplasm is sensed by eukaryotic cells as a danger signal or a sign of […]

What is Viruses?

Words: 1893 Pages: 6 3950

Viruses are pathogens which have harmful effects on bodies. The body has different methods to eliminate them from the body. But some viruses have evasion mechanisms through which they can counteract the effects of the body. They can suppress the effects of the body and survive and propagate in the body. Viruses interact with eukaryotic cells which causes the selection of genes which can block viral replication and propagation. Some viruses suppress apoptotic and necroptotic pathways. Some of them have […]

Role of P53 Protein in DNA Repair Mechanism

Words: 680 Pages: 2 4242

One of the most known tumor suppressors is p53 which has very low concentration because of short half-life time. Reason for this short half-life is E3 ubiquitin ligase MDM2. MDM2 is one of the genes regulated by transcription which p53 regulates. Increased p53 levels result also increased of MDM2 transcription rate, followed by this, it results the degradation of the p53 protein, forming an autoregulatory circuit in cells. There are various stress situations that can cause this such as telomere […]

About the Cellular Basis of Cancer

Words: 1885 Pages: 6 4366

At a cellular basis, cancer cells are not that different from normal cells. In fact, from a biological view point cancer cells originate from normal cells. The features of a cancer cell; such as migrating away from its origin point, mutating and replicating itself, evading cell death and providing itself with a supply of oxygen and nutrients, can all be found in normal healthy cells (Oppenheimer 2006; Tu 2010). However, it is what these cells then do to the surrounding […]

A Form of Preprogrammed Cell Death

Words: 1332 Pages: 4 4061

Apoptosis is a form of preprogrammed cell death. It can occur if DNA is too damaged or if a cell is infected and cannot complete its function anymore. There are two pathways to trigger cell death. The extrinsic pathway begins the process through external ligand binding. The intrinsic pathway begins by releasing mitochondrial proteins into the cell. Both pathways lead to the cell diminishing in size before beginning to break apart. Once this happens, adjacent cells and macrophages take in […]

Programmed Cell Death (Apoptosis)

Words: 474 Pages: 2 4025

Apoptosis is an event in which a cell is programmed and specifically sentenced to death. It happens naturally in the body. Apoptosis in greek means to fall off, and that’s one way to think about it. It’s as if one, or a few chosen cells are falling off a cliff, while the rest keep working. Apoptosis can be likened to suicide, in that only one cell is killed, and it is intentional. Also, it often happens to cells that are […]

Apoptosis in each Living Thing

Words: 350 Pages: 1 3919

Apoptosis goes on in each living thing. It shapes the beginning life form of every animal and is behind the huge adjustments of caterpillars into butterflies and tadpoles into frogs. Some plant cells moreover deliberately execute themselves, for example, to stop an assaulting parasitic or bacterial tainting spreading. In run of the mill tissues there is a concordance between the period of new cells by methods for cell division and the loss of cells by methods for cell downfall. Old […]

PKB and the Mitochondria: AKTing on Apoptosis

Words: 575 Pages: 2 3989

Function and Structure of PKB PKB contains three isoforms with catalytic domains similar to those in the AGC kinase family. PKB? was initially discovered through homology cloning and the similar appearance of its kinase domain resembled that of protein kinase A and C therefore it was named protein kinase B (PKB). It has two family members PKB?/c-Akt2 (c-Akt is a cellular homologue of PKB) which is expressed mainly in insulin target tissues and PKB?/c-Akt3 highly expressed in brain and testis […]

Analysis of the Role of the HIF-1

Words: 1458 Pages: 5 4182

This paper by Shen and collegues describes the role of the HIF-1 gene and the gene’s response to low oxygen levels in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). The hypoxia-inducible transcription factor (HIF-1) plays a critical role in being regulating systematic activities. The HIF-1? subunit contains proline residues which, in the presence of high oxygen levels are hydroxylated by oxygen dependent enzymes. The hydroxylation of proline in the LXXLAP motif in the HIF-1? subunit increases its ability to bind to the von […]

A Treatment of Different Cancer Diseases

Words: 1472 Pages: 5 4754

As a treatment of different cancer diseases, chemotherapy and radiotherapy are used on patients. Unfortunately radiotherapy may cause dangerous effects. Investigating these effects and determinations of risk reliable research. It is shown that IR’s most dangerous effect in cells are DBSs and that monitoring ?-H2AX focus numbers were useful biomarker to detect the invidual ionizing radiation (IR) effect on cells. Since the ?-H2AX was detected as a sensitive perceptible method for in vivo determination of DSBs, it was used in […]

Impact of High Throughput Screening in Biomedical Research

Words: 1410 Pages: 5 4536

I. INTRODUCTION: Screening is an important step in any research and technologies used to apply this step are continuing to improve, in order to minimize any obstacle and until reaching the most benefits from their use. In the 1990s High throughput screening method was developed and continued to evolve. Nowadays HTS is one of the modern screening methods which is applied in different research fields such as biomedical researches, drug discovery, genomics and biotechnology. HTS is mainly a robotic […]

The Reason why i Want to be a Biomedical Engineer

Words: 571 Pages: 2 4506

Ever since I can remember, I have been absolutely terrified of choosing what job I will do for the rest of my life. I think most people would agree with me if I said that eighteen years old is a little too young for deciding what career pathway to invest thousands of dollars, four years, and millions of tears. I’m already sixteen years old and I’ve gotten as far as narrowing it down to a career in math and science. […]

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