Apoptosis Free Essay Examples And Topic Ideas

Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Leukocytes from PCOS

Words: 730 Pages: 2 4721

Mitochondrial dysfunction in leukocytes from PCOS women with insulin resistance was evident by a decrease in mitochondria oxygen (O2) consumption. This was indicated by an increase in ROS production, the oxidized glutathione/glutathione ratio, and TNF? levels, as well as a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential. Additionally, a defect was observed in the activity of complex I of the mitochondria, which may contribute to the oxidative stress evident in these PCOS women [72]. Furthermore, PCOS women with IR exhibited impaired endothelium […]

Biotechnology Chemistry Exercise

Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Insights into its Molecular Mechanisms

Words: 625 Pages: 2 4453

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a complex and aggressive form of cancer characterized by the rapid growth of abnormal white blood cells that accumulate in the bone marrow and interfere with normal blood cell production. At the heart of this malignancy lie several critical molecular mechanisms that drive the malignant transformation of cells involved in the disease. According to Orlova, Lebedev, Spirin, and Prassolov (2016, p.344), these mechanisms disrupt normal cellular processes, leading to the unchecked proliferation of leukemic cells. […]

Leukemia

Aminoglycoside-Induced Hair Cell Death and Potential Therapies

Words: 1590 Pages: 5 4561

Introduction Hearing loss is the third most common disorder in the United States, being more prevalent than diabetes or cancer (Blackwell et al., 2014). Our ability to hear is dependent on hair cells that can translate the sounds we hear into electrical impulses that can be interpreted by the brain. When sound waves enter the cochlea located in the inner ear, they deflect the apical portion of hair cells, also known as stereocilia. Stereocilia are connected to one another via […]

Biotechnology Death

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Interactions between Magnetic Nanoparticles and a Static Magnetic Field

Words: 279 Pages: 1 4602

"In this presentation, we reviewed some basic concepts regarding the interactions between magnetic nanoparticles and a static or time-varying external magnetic field. We showed how these pertain to current biomedical applications of magnetic nanoparticles. The focus was, in particular, on magnetic separation and drug delivery, although these are only two of the many biomedical applications of magnetic nanoparticles currently being explored. For example, there's magnetic twisting cytometry, a process in which ferromagnetic microspheres are bound to specific receptors on a […]

Biotechnology Cancer Chemistry Medicine

Estrogen, a Steroid Hormone

Words: 246 Pages: 1 4985

Our results extend previous observations describing estrogen's neuroprotective effects. A previous study suggested that the sex hormones estrogen and testosterone worked differently as neuroprotective agents. It provided data for a role of testosterone as a neuroprotective hormone in neurons. When looking at how they regulate protease activity, their results show that testosterone and dihydrotestosterone inhibited calpain activation and the generation of the 17-kDa tau fragment, but did not work on caspase-3 activation and tau truncation at Asp421 as estrogen did. […]

Biotechnology Dementia Medicine Neuroscience

Immunity – Humans are Exposed with Microbes

Words: 1525 Pages: 5 4901

Humans are exposed to microbes that contain a vast array of allergenic substances, threatening normal homeostasis. Therefore, the immune system is important to defend the body from pathogens. It eliminates pathological microbes and toxic or allergenic proteins, but it must avoid responses that cause excessive damage to self-tissues or potentially eliminate beneficial commensal microbes. A general feature of the immune system is that its mechanisms rely on detecting structural features of the pathogen or toxin that mark it as distinct […]

Biotechnology Immune System Medicine

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Biology and Signaling Alterations in AD

Words: 1635 Pages: 5 4891

The Rho-associated coiled-coil containing kinases (ROCKs) are ubiquitously expressed serine/threonine kinases that are downstream effectors of the RhoA GTPase (Ishizaki et al., 1996b; Leung et al., 1996a; Leung et al., 1995a; Matsui et al., 1996a; Nakagawa et al., 1996a; Schackmann et al., 2011). ROCKs are key regulators of the actomyosin cytoskeleton dynamics, as well as neuronal morphology and synaptic plasticity (Schubert and Dotti, 2007). The two ROCK homologs (ROCK1 and ROCK2) share high homology in their kinase domains (92%) and […]

Biotechnology Neuroscience

A Form of Preprogrammed Cell Death

Words: 1332 Pages: 4 4768

Apoptosis is a form of preprogrammed cell death. It can occur if DNA is too damaged or if a cell is infected and cannot complete its function anymore. There are two pathways to trigger cell death. The extrinsic pathway begins the process through external ligand binding. The intrinsic pathway begins by releasing mitochondrial proteins into the cell. Both pathways lead to the cell diminishing in size before beginning to break apart. Once this happens, adjacent cells and macrophages take in […]

Biotechnology Cancer Death

Globular Protein – Caspase-9 Enzyme

Words: 1591 Pages: 5 4587

The globular protein caspase-9 may initially not seem very important or significant, as it sounds like the ninth of many other caspase proteins. However, this protein plays a vital role, not only in the cell’s life cycle but also in the life of humans and other mammals. Caspase-9 is an enzyme whose function ultimately leads to cell degradation and apoptosis. This protein is a member of the peptidase family C14, and is encoded by the CASP9 gene located on the […]

Biotechnology Protein

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What is UV Light?

Words: 1463 Pages: 5 4854

"The visual system is arguably the most important sense that humans have in order to navigate the world around them. The eyes are highly susceptible to UV light, making them a prime target for free radical oxidation of both lipids and proteins, causing cell damage and eventually, cell death. One such disease caused by UV light exposure is called age related macular degeneration (AMD), which is the most common cause of blindness in the United States. This disease is complicated […]

Biotechnology Chemistry Oxygen Protein

A Brief Review of Prostate Adenocarcinoma

Words: 2093 Pages: 7 4842

Prostate cancer continues to be a major cause of cancer-related death in the male population of the western world, even with incidence rates on the rise worldwide. This increase in new prostate cancer diagnoses each year in the western world is presumably resulting from their lifestyle and environment (Tian, Guo, Zheng, & Ahmad, 2017). A clear clinical diagnosis of prostate adenocarcinoma rests in the hands of a pathologist following a needle biopsy. It often depends on the absence of the […]

Biotechnology Cancer Prostate Cancer

About the Cellular Basis of Cancer

Words: 1885 Pages: 6 5090

At a cellular basis, cancer cells are not that different from normal cells. In fact, from a biological view point cancer cells originate from normal cells. The features of a cancer cell; such as migrating away from its origin point, mutating and replicating itself, evading cell death and providing itself with a supply of oxygen and nutrients, can all be found in normal healthy cells (Oppenheimer 2006; Tu 2010). However, it is what these cells then do to the surrounding […]

Biotechnology Cancer Genetics Medicine

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