Biology Free Essay Examples And Topic Ideas

Innate Immune Recognition of DNA

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The cGAS is an innate immune sensor that detects double-stranded DNA. Detection of foreign DNA is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism that alerts the host immune system to mount a defense response to pathogen infections. But, there is also a challenging side for the host that how they distinguish the foreign DNA with the much abundant self genome. The presence of self or foreign DNA in the cytoplasm is sensed by eukaryotic cells as a danger signal or a sign of […]

Alcohol in Moderation

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Alcohol, in moderation, can have positive health benefits, but when it is drunk in excess, it can negatively influence the body. (1) Alcohol can have an altering effect on the liver cell structure. When these cells are permanently changed, it affects the liver's ability to metabolize fat, which can lead to the development of a fatty liver. (2) The brain cells are also influenced when alcohol is introduced into the body. Brain cells are killed with excessive drinking, and it […]

Signal Transducer and Activators of Transcription

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Abstract Signal transducer and activators of transcription (STAT) protein are cytoplasmic transcription factor that have been known for cell tumor proliferation, survival, invasion, apoptosis and immune response. Each of these STAT family protein have a role and function when they are interacting with the cell in the human body. Among all of the STAT family protein the most important one is the STAT3. STAT3 is involved with many diseases as well as cancer. And the involvement it has with it […]

Necrosis and Apoptosis

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The two common types of cellular death are necrosis and apoptosis. Necrosis describes the changes of a cell that happen after a specified area of cell death and cellular self-digestion occur. Necrosis is an an accidental cell death which occurs because of the swelling and bursting of the cell. When a supply of oxygen is cut off from a cell, the needed amount of ATP is not being produced, leading to the cell not working effectively. Ion pumps no longer […]

Senescent Cells and Ageing: Unraveling the Mysteries of Zombie Cells

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Senescent cells are somatic cells, other than reproductive cells, that can no longer divide, but are resistant to apoptosis (Scudellari, 2017). Although these cells have no use, they do not die off, which gives them their trivial name of “zombie cells”. Zombie cells can exist in various parts of the body, and they all have their own specific resistance to apoptosis, express different extracellular proteins, and secrete different variations of molecules such as cytokines (Scudellari, 2017). This senescence secretion activity […]

Biological Basis of Sexual Orientation: Finding Needle in Haystack

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Introduction Sexual orientation is one of the animal kingdom's most pronounced gender differences. The Overwhelming majority of people are heterosexual with few exceptions: most males want Females as sexual partners and vice versa. Knowing whether someone has a male or female sexual preference is one of the most reliable behavioural predictors of the biological sex of that individual, perhaps second only to gender identity, i.e. the sense of being male or female. Although heterosexuality is the norm, a small but […]

Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Leukocytes from PCOS

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Mitochondrial dysfunction in leukocytes from PCOS women with insulin resistance was evident by a decrease in mitochondria oxygen (O2) consumption. This was indicated by an increase in ROS production, the oxidized glutathione/glutathione ratio, and TNF? levels, as well as a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential. Additionally, a defect was observed in the activity of complex I of the mitochondria, which may contribute to the oxidative stress evident in these PCOS women [72]. Furthermore, PCOS women with IR exhibited impaired endothelium […]

The Respiratory System Job

Words: 913 Pages: 3 3676

The respiratory system job is to supply oxygen to all parts of the body. Oxygen is carried through the body by red blood cells. The cells in our body need constant oxygen to stay alive. If not, our brain cells will die after four minutes without oxygen. The process known as breathing consist of inhaling and exhaling, which is the respiratory systems way of taking in oxygen and getting rid of the waste gas, carbon dioxide. If carbon dioxide were […]

Cancer is a Vast Disease Category

Words: 2004 Pages: 7 4990

Abstract Cancer is a vast disease category that requires constant research for a cure. Over the decades, different treatment plans have arisen to try and combat the range of cancer cells. Some treatment has resulted in success, some end in death, and others are still an ongoing battle for the patients. Anti-cancer drugs have many side effects that come with them such as fatigue, inflammation, infection, and necrosis of cancerous cells. Cancer medicine has come a long way and now […]

What is Viruses?

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Viruses are pathogens which have harmful effects on bodies. The body has different methods to eliminate them from the body. But some viruses have evasion mechanisms through which they can counteract the effects of the body. They can suppress the effects of the body and survive and propagate in the body. Viruses interact with eukaryotic cells which causes the selection of genes which can block viral replication and propagation. Some viruses suppress apoptotic and necroptotic pathways. Some of them have […]

Role of P53 Protein in DNA Repair Mechanism

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One of the most known tumor suppressors is p53 which has very low concentration because of short half-life time. Reason for this short half-life is E3 ubiquitin ligase MDM2. MDM2 is one of the genes regulated by transcription which p53 regulates. Increased p53 levels result also increased of MDM2 transcription rate, followed by this, it results the degradation of the p53 protein, forming an autoregulatory circuit in cells. There are various stress situations that can cause this such as telomere […]

Impact of High Throughput Screening in Biomedical Research

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I. INTRODUCTION: Screening is an important step in any research and technologies used to apply this step are continuing to improve, in order to minimize any obstacle and until reaching the most benefits from their use. In the 1990s High throughput screening method was developed and continued to evolve. Nowadays HTS is one of the modern screening methods which is applied in different research fields such as biomedical researches, drug discovery, genomics and biotechnology. HTS is mainly a robotic […]

The Importance of 3D Models in Initiation Mechanisms

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In the talk given by Dr. Joan Brugge, she discusses progression, drug resistance, and the different aspects in which 3-D models aid in the investigation of cancer biology. Her laboratory has provided wonderful and crucial insights into the understanding and treatment of cancer. Dr. Brugge covered small different 'contexts' in which three-dimensional cultures can help in cancer research and protein biochemistry. One of the interests in her laboratory was to research the cellular processes and pathways that mediate alterations that […]

Protection of Endangered Species

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There are diverse environments in Texas from woods to deserts, Texas offers us something different around each corner, such as a rare jewel. The Meadows Center glass-bottom boat tour offered me a chance to ride a historic glass boat, seeing much native wildlife throughout, with the exception of a few invasive animals. While peering into the crystal-clear water, I was able to spot hundreds of springs pumping water into the surface. During this glass-bottom tour, I was able to grasp […]

Endangered Species Recovery Efforts

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Background Reintroduction, the intentional movement of an organism into a part of its native range following its extirpation, is a common strategy in the conservation of threatened and endangered species (IUCN, 2013; Soorae, 2018). However, the success of this strategy in the past has been variable (Griffith, et al., 1989; Fischer & Lindenmayer, 2000; Wolf, et al., 1996), leading to calls for greater understanding of target species’ establishment and persistence requirements (Armstrong & Seddon, 2008; Seddon, et al., 2007). Habitat […]

Endangered Species: Gila Woodpecker

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The Gila Woodpecker is one of many types of woodpeckers. This bird has an average lifetime of 10 years and the females tend to lay 3-5 eggs (1). The highest population density of the woodpecker is in the Sonoran Desert. Their water is scarce, and they are hunted by different types of animals. The main predators include a fox, bobcat, and coyote(2). The Gila Woodpecker is one of the most innovative birds. They use their long beaks to create small […]

Endangered Species: Hoolock Gibbons of Bangladesh

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Abstract The Hoolock gibbon (Hoolock hoolock) are species of global conservation importance and are specifically limited to only tropical Asian forests in India, Myanmar, China and Bangladesh. Currently hoolocks are categorized as critically endangeredand globally as endangered by the IUCN World Conservation Union in Bangladesh and are considered to be one of the 25 most endangered primate species in the world. Several populations of this species have become extinct during the last 15 year but some have been hanging on […]

My Favorite Season

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The weather in summer is very warm and sunny. You can go to the river, to the outdoor pool and swim there. But there are also rains in summer. The rains are small and warm, such rains are called mushroom rains. But on one holiday “Trinity” there was a heavy downpour that even in all the villages the lights were turned off. I was very scared then, but my mother says: “don't be afraid, everything will be fine”. The weather […]

Nutraceuticals and the Risk of Breast Cancer

Words: 2800 Pages: 9 4296

Apoptosis remains the most vital part of normal and abnormal cells. A defect in apoptosis is considered to be the main cause of cancer. The literature is full of studies investigating the reason for defective apoptosis that can be due to defect in the apoptotic pathway, such as enhanced mutation of genes, inactivation of death receptors etc. Nutraceuticals of plant origin that are mostly a part of our diet and nutrition have shown to have tremendous anti-cancer properties as studied […]

Unveiling the Complex World of the Immune System

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The immune system as a protection against infections from foreign macromolecules or attacks by organisms, including viruses, bacteria, protozoa and parasites. The immune system also plays a role in resistance to body proteins and other molecules such as those that occur in autoimmunity, and against cells that are aerated into tumors. The ability of the immune system to differentiate components of body cells from components of foreign pathogens will sustain the mandate it carries to respond to pathogenic infections, both […]

Body of Depression

Words: 1604 Pages: 5 5488

Abstract This research article is about depression. It includes peer reviewed articles, an online website, and video from Ted.com. These resources help better understand depression. It discusses the pathophysiology of the disorder and how chemical imbalances of serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine contribute to depression. A holistic approach is necessary to properly treat depression due to the many facets. Depression can complicate or start other debilitating conditions such as heart disease and cancer . There are limited tests for diagnosis and […]

Analysis of the Role of the HIF-1

Words: 1458 Pages: 5 4325

This paper by Shen and collegues describes the role of the HIF-1 gene and the gene’s response to low oxygen levels in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). The hypoxia-inducible transcription factor (HIF-1) plays a critical role in being regulating systematic activities. The HIF-1? subunit contains proline residues which, in the presence of high oxygen levels are hydroxylated by oxygen dependent enzymes. The hydroxylation of proline in the LXXLAP motif in the HIF-1? subunit increases its ability to bind to the von […]

Apoptosis in each Living Thing

Words: 350 Pages: 1 4056

Apoptosis goes on in each living thing. It shapes the beginning life form of every animal and is behind the huge adjustments of caterpillars into butterflies and tadpoles into frogs. Some plant cells moreover deliberately execute themselves, for example, to stop an assaulting parasitic or bacterial tainting spreading. In run of the mill tissues there is a concordance between the period of new cells by methods for cell division and the loss of cells by methods for cell downfall. Old […]

A Form of Preprogrammed Cell Death

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Apoptosis is a form of preprogrammed cell death. It can occur if DNA is too damaged or if a cell is infected and cannot complete its function anymore. There are two pathways to trigger cell death. The extrinsic pathway begins the process through external ligand binding. The intrinsic pathway begins by releasing mitochondrial proteins into the cell. Both pathways lead to the cell diminishing in size before beginning to break apart. Once this happens, adjacent cells and macrophages take in […]

Apoptosis or Programmed Cell Death

Words: 1722 Pages: 6 4365

Apoptosis is an important cellular process that allows cells to die in a programmed and organized fashion. This form of programmed cell death is crucial to the stability and equilibrium of living organisms. Such a process is shared amongst vertebrates and invertebrates alike (Miguel-Aliaga et al., 2009). It is easiest to define “normal” development by observing that which is understood as abnormal. Programmed cell death is understood to have a distinguishable relationship with cell division and differentiation. If they are […]

About the Cellular Basis of Cancer

Words: 1885 Pages: 6 4506

At a cellular basis, cancer cells are not that different from normal cells. In fact, from a biological view point cancer cells originate from normal cells. The features of a cancer cell; such as migrating away from its origin point, mutating and replicating itself, evading cell death and providing itself with a supply of oxygen and nutrients, can all be found in normal healthy cells (Oppenheimer 2006; Tu 2010). However, it is what these cells then do to the surrounding […]

Coming Home again Summary

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A self-portraying article by Korean-American writer Chang-rae Lee, distributed in the New Yorker back in 1995, is the flash for Wayne Wang's exceptionally close to home mother-child show Coming Home Again. Lee is credited as co-screenwriter of the film, which depicts the manner in which a youthful author named Chang-rae drops his normal everyday employment and sweetheart in New York to deal with his mom, who is gradually biting the dust of stomach disease. Shot in a light-filled San Francisco […]

Foreign Aid and Micro-entrepreneurship Microfinance Sustainability and Complementary Programs

Words: 1085 Pages: 4 3931

Cross-borrowing enables clients to collect more money from various institutions without close inspection, and the number of applicants for microfinance has rocketed due to cross-borrowing. This has caused new problems for the microfinance sector. The purpose of achieving self-financial sustainability did not have a positive outcome. Because of the poor portfolios of the clients, MFIs could not demand repayment of the debts from the borrowers. Cross-borrowing also deteriorated the financial situation of the poor and trapped them in the cycle […]

Unveiling the Hidden Struggles: Eating Disorders Among Housewives

Words: 922 Pages: 3 1085

Desperately Hungry Housewives, four moms are giving more understanding on how the regular housewife can experience the ill effects of a dietary issue. As the crowd pursues Jane, Zoe, Tracy, and Georgia, they figure out how these ladies all have their own battles. Jane has Anorexia and Bulimia. Tracy has Binge Eating Disorder and Purging Disorder. Georgia is recuperated from anorexia, yet fears her inclinations to redevelop, though Zoe is recouping from anorexia. Every lady has their very own and […]

Should People be Allowed to Keep Pit Bulls: Challenging Stereotypes

Words: 964 Pages: 3 1055

Understanding Pit Bulls: Debunking Stereotypes Furious, deadly, killers, fighters … These are just some of the names that people use to describe Pit Bulls. Although 71% of dog bite fatalities are from pit bulls, are we too quick to judge the dogs? When looking at these numbers, you are just looking at numbers without an explanation. These bites are the effects of a cause. In 2005, a technician reached into a sedated dog’s mouth to find the source of the […]

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Biology - Free Essay Examples And Topic Ideas