Genetics Essay Examples - Free Research Papers on PapersOwl.com

Exome Sequencing to Identify Rare Mutations Associated with Breast Cancer Susceptibility

Words: 2003 Pages: 7 4127

Abstract Background – Breast cancer predisposition has been known to be caused by hereditary factors. New techniques particularly exome sequencing have allowed/ helped us to identify new and novel variants that exhibit a phenotype. Method – In this review we discuss the advantages of exome sequencing and how it could help in understanding the familial breast cancer. In particular, we will discuss about the studies by Noh et al.(1), Thompson et al.(2), and Kiiski et al.(3), on how they have […]

How Epigenetics May Affect Alzheimer’s Disease

Words: 1442 Pages: 5 3908

Abstract Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease affecting approximately 5.5 million people. Each year, more and more information is uncovered about AD and, recently, studies are attempting to validate the hypothesis that epigenetics significantly affects AD pathology. Recognizing the need for these studies the National Institute on Aging and Alzheimer’s Association (NIA-AA) published a new research framework in an effort to redefine the disease based on biological marker, as opposed to syndromal markers. This review considers two published works, […]

The Potential of Chromosomal Therapy in down Syndrome

Words: 1435 Pages: 5 3975

Down Syndrome (DS) is the most common chromosomal abnormality genetic disease in the world. In the United States roughly 6,000 babies are born with Down Syndrome, about 1 out of every 650-100 live births every year (Bittles et al. 2004). Older mothers are more likely to have a baby affected by the chromosomal disorder than younger mothers. In other words, the prevalence of Down Syndrome increases as the mother’s age increases. The likelihood that a woman under 30 has a […]

Getting the Science and Psychology about Homosexuality “Straight”

Words: 2051 Pages: 7 4138

Homosexuality, a term coined by Karl Maria Kertbeny (Drescher, 2008) is a term simply defined as the sexual attraction to a person of the same sex. Three terms associated with this are homosexual attraction, orientation, and identity which all are involved with homosexuality. Homosexuality has been and is a highly controversial topic within society, politics, religion, and even science. In the journal article, “Homosexuality: Innate or Acquired?”, the statement “Homosexuality has been given different labels throughout history. It has progressed […]

Environmental Science GMFS: our Savior or Destroyer

Words: 1313 Pages: 4 4627

GMFs are genetically modified foods created by Herbert Boyer and Stanley Cohen back in 1973. This technological advance led to more genetically modified foods and organisms being created and manufactured. GMFs are created either by direct genetic code modification or selective breeding. Direct genetic code modification occurs when a certain part of the genetic code is cut out, copied into bacteria, made into bullets, loaded into a gene gun, and shot into a cell where the genetic information incorporates itself […]

The Tumor Suppressor Role of TAp73 in Two Types of Cancer

Words: 1728 Pages: 6 3971

Transcription factor of p53 initiates apoptosis after receiving information about metabolic disorder or genetic damage, thus playing a critical role as tumor suppressor. p73 is a cousin of p53, shares lots of similarities with p53 including gene structure and amino acid level. Therefore, p73 is able to activate some p53 target genes by binding to p53-responsive elements when p53 is impaired. Also, p73 is rarely mutant compared to p53 in tumor cells. Whether p73 plays a role in tumor suppressor […]

Child Development under Conditions of Abuse

Words: 3993 Pages: 13 3801

Introduction In the land of the free and home of the brave, the livelihood of future American generations has become enormously threatened. Children are suffering daily from a growingly horrific epidemic. According to a study conducted by Slep, Heyman, and Foran (2015), the vast majority of the United States population perceives child abuse and neglect as rare and an unnatural occurrence in families. The harsh reality is that child abuse and neglect is occurring at an increasing rate. Statistics from […]

Life with Down’s Syndrome

Words: 1088 Pages: 4 4388

Worldwide, 100,000 babies are born with Down’s Syndrome (DS), but it is rarely discussed or even acknowledged by those who do not have first-hand experience (Harvery, 2004, 43). Down’s Syndrome was originally acknowledged by John Langdon Down in the 1800’s, its causes were not discovered until 1959 by Jerome Lejeune, and its symptoms are continually being researched. You have come to this blog to educate yourself on how to best help your child with Down’s Syndrome. Although Down Syndrome cannot […]

Why the Concept of Race is not Biologically Supported?

Words: 1006 Pages: 3 3935

The concept of race is not supported biologically nor can humans be naturally divided into racial categories. Humans are biologically different; however, do not fall in racial groups nor are biological units (Fuentes 2012, 73). The ABO system, Human Genome Project, and Ancestry Informative Markers explains how and why the concept of race is not biologically supported nor can humans be naturally divided into racial categories. The ABO system does not have any human division alleles between black-white-Asian model of […]

Potential Mechanisms for Cancer Resistance in Elephants and Comparativage in Humans

Words: 687 Pages: 2 4126

It is expected that cancer risk would increase with body size and life span. Peto’s paradox describes the lack of correlation between body size, life span, and cancer risk (Caulin, 2011). The cellular mechanism behind this has only been experimentally demonstrated in rodents. TP53 is a gene that codes for the p53 protein. This gene is vital in tumor suppression, and is mutated in many human cancers (Jiang, 2018). Humans have one copy (2 alleles) of this gene. Both alleles […]

Analysis of the Role of the HIF-1

Words: 1458 Pages: 5 4138

This paper by Shen and collegues describes the role of the HIF-1 gene and the gene’s response to low oxygen levels in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). The hypoxia-inducible transcription factor (HIF-1) plays a critical role in being regulating systematic activities. The HIF-1? subunit contains proline residues which, in the presence of high oxygen levels are hydroxylated by oxygen dependent enzymes. The hydroxylation of proline in the LXXLAP motif in the HIF-1? subunit increases its ability to bind to the von […]

Parental Origin of Syndrome down

Words: 1185 Pages: 4 4076

Syndrome Down (DS) or Trisomy 21 has a huge social and medical cost in human population. The main purpose of the present study is to assess the parental origin of trisomy 21. Subsequently, the stage in which nondisjunction occurs and the role of maternal age and altered genetic recombination events will be observed. Furthermore, Syndrome Down is associated with number of phenotypes including acute leukemia. Thus, the genetical and clinical features of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in Down syndrome will […]

One of the most Leading Cause of Death Globally is Cancer

Words: 1905 Pages: 6 4275

One of the most leading cause of death globally is cancer and it is responsible for 8.8 million deaths in 2017. It is expected that there would be 70% rise in the number of new cases of cancer in the next two decades. Cancer causes nearly 1 in 6 deaths globally. Cancer is a complex disease involving changes at genetic & epigenetic levels and is characterized by uncontrolled cell growth. It can be of two types- Malignant and Benign. A […]

GMO’s and World Hunger

Words: 2218 Pages: 7 8676

As the world begins to feel the constraints of overpopulation and diminishing resources, the rate at which people are affected by chronic world hunger continues to grow exponentially (Geldof). Record climate change brought about by global warming and an increase in greenhouse emissions has increased the longevity of droughts, causing the desert to spread, and what small area of forest we have to left to soon run out (Gerry). According to research conducted at Harvard, the world population is estimated […]

The Ethics of the Gay Gene

Words: 808 Pages: 3 4441

Homosexuality has existed in societies around the world for nearly all of recorded history. From indigenous tribes, to the Romans, Greeks, and even early Americans, a degree of fluid sexuality has permeated cultures around the globe. While homosexual behavior did not pose a large problem in society for much of history, cultural and religious shifts began to fixate upon that which did not fit neatly into boxes established by those in power. Thus, throughout the last several centuries, homosexuality has […]

“Born Gay” Michael Abrams

Words: 427 Pages: 1 3974

In the article “Born Gay” Michael Abrams proposes question why men become gay. Is this due to the gay gene/genes or due to the environment where they grew up or other biological traits? Is being a homosexual is nature or nurture? He was looking at several researches and projects to find the answer. The author states that becoming a gay is at least partially genetic. William Reiner explored how environment influences on sexuality by studying boys who were born with […]

Connection between Genetics and Diabetes

Words: 546 Pages: 2 4658

Each single person has a specific set of genes; however, these genetics are greatly influenced by their families. Genetics can also be affected via one’s environmental surroundings, as well. These genetics are associated with most diseases, such as cancer, kidney diseases, and psychologic diseases. Diabetes is no different. Genetics are not the only causative factor in diabetes, but it can alert healthcare members to look for this disease due to predisposition. According to the American Diabetes Association (2018), “Type 1 […]

Toxic Effects of Acrylamide in Potatoes

Words: 360 Pages: 1 3767

Potatoes and potatoes by-products are consumed as food by a large number of people around the globe. One of the steroidal glycoalkaloids found in potatoes, alpha-solanine (?-solanine), is naturally present and has both toxic and anticarcinogenic properties. Another potato secondary metabolite, acrylamide (AA) also known as 2-Propenamide, is found in a variety of consumer foods cooked at higher temperatures. Acrylamide has been shown to induce neurotoxic and reproductive toxic effects. In this study, minimal doses of ?-solanine and ?-solanine and […]

GMO’s: Feeding the World or Killing it

Words: 417 Pages: 1 4707

Many people today are often amazed by the amount of food and nutrients created a year for human consumption. The constant prominence of genetically modified (GMO) foods is not only intimidating, but confusing. The dictionary definition of GMO is genetically modified organism: an organism or microorganism whose genetic material has been altered by means of genetic engineering. Simply explained, foods are plants and animals that have had their genetic makeup artificially altered by scientists to make them grow faster, taste […]

Argumentative Essay: the Pros and Cons of Abortion

Words: 1537 Pages: 5 1159

If your 15 year-old daughter found out she were pregnant, as a parent, would you support an abortion? What if your father had to be keep alive with tubes and machines? Do you want a ? designer baby?? If a criminal took the life of a family member, would you want him to die? All these life issues of abortion, euthanasia, genetic engineering, and capital punishment are very complex and controversial. Before researching, discussing, and debating these life issues in […]

Mitosis and DNA Molecule

Words: 566 Pages: 2 4011

Replication is the copying of the genetic information from one DNA molecule into another DNA molecule. Mitosis and meiosis are similar in the fact that they make new cells. Mitosis replaces and repairs body cells, while meiosis makes gametes like eggs and sperm. Mitosis has an asexual reproduction, while meiosis has a sexual reproduction. These two reproductions have differences in its number of divisions, phases, chromosome numbers, etc. One difference between mitosis and meiosis would be their production of daughter […]

Role of P53 Protein in DNA Repair Mechanism

Words: 680 Pages: 2 4198

One of the most known tumor suppressors is p53 which has very low concentration because of short half-life time. Reason for this short half-life is E3 ubiquitin ligase MDM2. MDM2 is one of the genes regulated by transcription which p53 regulates. Increased p53 levels result also increased of MDM2 transcription rate, followed by this, it results the degradation of the p53 protein, forming an autoregulatory circuit in cells. There are various stress situations that can cause this such as telomere […]

Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus

Words: 1030 Pages: 3 4528

Diabetes Mellitus 1, more specifically known as IDDM is a disorder concerning glucose homeostasis, which needs insulin therapy is generally seen in children. Diabetes is generally classified into 2 types IDDM (Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus) and the other NIDDM (Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus). Diabetes simply means an increase of glucose levels in the body as a result of the improper or no production of insulin from ones pancreatic ??-cells. The standard auto-immune response of type 1 diabetes is specific destruction […]

Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Gliomas

Words: 3372 Pages: 11 3904

Introduction/Epidemiology A diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG), is a malignant tumor of the pons of the brainstem that originates in the supportive tissue called the glia. Specifically, these tumors are diffuse astrocytomas meaning that the tumor develops from astroglial cells of the brain stem. This tumor accounts for about 10%-20% of all brain tumors in children and roughly 80% of the 300-400 pediatric brainstem tumors that are diagnosed each year. The majority of children who develop this tumor type are […]

Research Paper: Genetically Modified Organisms

Words: 1989 Pages: 7 5927

Genetically modified organisms, otherwise referred to as GMOs, is a highly debated and researched topic throughout the world, however, highly prevalent in the United States today. It is plant, animals, or other organism in which their genetic makeup has been altered or modified by either genetic engineering or transgenic technology. GMOs are used either in the medical field or agriculturally, looking to cure diseases and create vaccines or attempt to get the healthiest or highest profit out a product. Prior […]

Frederick Griffith Formulating New Vaccine for Pneumonia Begins Testing in Mice

Words: 811 Pages: 3 1232

Frederick Griffith is a scientist that was attempting to uncover a vaccination for pneumonia. The factor for his experiment was to see if shots of warmth eliminated infective bacteria would eliminate the computer mice. He located that the blend of online non-virulent bacteria and also heat-killed microorganisms would certainly kill the computer mice. The result would certainly be real-time encapsulated toxic bacteria. This experiment ended up being called improvement that was called the transforming variable. Together With O.T. Avery at […]

Mitosis: Genetics Analysis & Principle

Words: 604 Pages: 2 4794

Introduction Mitosis is a process of nucleic division in animal or eukaryotic cells that occurs when a parent cell divides to produce two identical daughter cells. Without mitosis there wouldn’t be a you or a me. Because during the cell division, mitosis, specifically separates the duplicated genetic material carried in the nucleus. While mitosis is taking place, there is no cell growth and all of the cellular energy is focused on cell division. The cell division processsd of mitosis is […]

Innate Immune Recognition of DNA

Words: 598 Pages: 2 3940

The cGAS is an innate immune sensor that detects double-stranded DNA. Detection of foreign DNA is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism that alerts the host immune system to mount a defense response to pathogen infections. But, there is also a challenging side for the host that how they distinguish the foreign DNA with the much abundant self genome. The presence of self or foreign DNA in the cytoplasm is sensed by eukaryotic cells as a danger signal or a sign of […]

About the Cellular Basis of Cancer

Words: 1885 Pages: 6 4322

At a cellular basis, cancer cells are not that different from normal cells. In fact, from a biological view point cancer cells originate from normal cells. The features of a cancer cell; such as migrating away from its origin point, mutating and replicating itself, evading cell death and providing itself with a supply of oxygen and nutrients, can all be found in normal healthy cells (Oppenheimer 2006; Tu 2010). However, it is what these cells then do to the surrounding […]

Genetic Engineering in Medicine

Words: 1431 Pages: 5 2545

Every person is born with flaws, whether it be on a small or large scale. If there were a way to fix these imperfections before birth, how would this affect the human race? To some people, it may seem almost foreign and unrealistic to think about a world where a parent can “design” their future child. However, in a few decades, it won’t be so strange to hear that people are genetically modifying their children. Bioethicist Ronald Green of Dartmouth […]

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