Heart of Darkness: Marlow’s Deception

Introduction

Joseph Conrad’s novella "Heart of Darkness" is a complex story that delves deeply into the human psyche and societal issues. Since its release, readers have interpreted the message of the story in various ways, often grappling with its profound themes of imperialism, morality, and the human condition. One of the most significant and widely debated moments in the narrative is when Charles Marlow, the protagonist and narrator, tells a lie to Kurtz’s fiancée, known as The Intended.

While Marlow believes he is lying to protect her, critics argue that the lie reveals a more unsettling truth. This essay explores the multifaceted nature of Marlow's lie, examining how it reflects the overarching themes of darkness and moral ambiguity in both the novella and society at large.

Exploring Marlow’s Lie

In "Heart of Darkness," Marlow tells The Intended that Kurtz’s last words were her name, concealing the fact that Kurtz actually uttered "The horror!" before his death. Marlow believed that sparing The Intended from the harsh truth would protect her innocence. However, critics such as Fowler suggest that this lie might inadvertently reveal another layer of truth. Fowler posits that the Intended's name could be metaphorically synonymous with the vision of horror Kurtz experienced at the end of his life, suggesting that even the most innocent souls are entwined with the darkness Kurtz perceived.

This interpretation aligns with the broader theme of moral ambiguity in the novella. Kurtz’s vision of horror is described as "embracing all the universe," symbolizing the pervasive nature of darkness in the human soul. Marlow’s decision to lie, therefore, underscores the complexity of truth and the ease with which even seemingly virtuous individuals can become complicit in darkness. By attempting to shield The Intended, Marlow inadvertently becomes part of the very horror he seeks to deny.

Marlow as Conrad’s Alter Ego

The character of Charles Marlow is often seen as an alter ego of Joseph Conrad himself, allowing the author to explore deeper philosophical questions through his protagonist. Marlow’s lie to The Intended is imbued with irony, as noted by Bruce R. Stark in "Kurtz’s Intended: The Heart of Heart of Darkness." Stark argues that Conrad exposes the horror lurking behind the facades of European imperialism by situating The Intended’s drawing room within a "sepulchral" city, mirroring the grim realities Kurtz confronted.

Conrad’s critique of European imperialism is evident in Marlow’s interactions with The Intended. Her environment and demeanor reflect the sanitized version of imperialism that Europe presents to the world, while concealing the moral corruption and exploitation that underpin it. In this light, Marlow’s lie is not just an act of protection but a commentary on the societal tendency to mask uncomfortable truths behind a veneer of civility. Conrad uses Marlow’s lie to illustrate that Europe and its imperialistic ventures are central to the tale’s moral darkness, a theme that resonates with readers as a cautionary tale about the consequences of unchecked power and greed.

The Intended and Kurtz

Marlow’s interaction with The Intended reveals striking parallels between her and Kurtz, further complicating the nature of his lie. As George Cheatham observes in "Absence of God in 'Heart of Darkness,'" The Intended’s seemingly pure soul is as hollow as Kurtz’s moral ideals, suggesting that her name, in a metaphorical sense, embodies "The horror!" This realization leads Marlow to view The Intended and Kurtz as two sides of the same coin, both existing within morally dark settings—the jungle and the city.

The novella suggests that the darkness Kurtz encounters is not limited to the African wilderness but extends to the heart of European civilization itself. Marlow’s growing fear of this realization prompts his lie, as he struggles to reconcile the darkness he has witnessed with the civilized world he knows. Cheatham’s analysis reinforces Stark’s position, highlighting how Conrad uses The Intended and Kurtz’s vision to reflect the pervasive moral darkness in society.

Conclusion

In conclusion, Marlow’s lie to The Intended in "Heart of Darkness" is a pivotal moment that encapsulates the novella’s exploration of moral ambiguity and the dual nature of darkness. While Marlow believes he is protecting The Intended, his lie inadvertently reveals a deeper truth about the pervasive and insidious nature of darkness within human society. By examining the interconnectedness of Marlow, The Intended, and Kurtz, Conrad critiques European imperialism and challenges readers to confront the unsettling realities that lie beneath the surface of civilization. Through this complex narrative, Conrad invites us to question the nature of truth and the ease with which darkness can infiltrate even the most seemingly innocent aspects of humanity.

Did you like this example?

833

35