Mental Health in Aging Population

As articulated by McInnis-Dittrich, the process of aging is an inevitable journey that every individual will experience, characterized by certain anticipated changes such as alterations in physical appearance, loss of hair, and the development of wrinkles. However, contrary to prevalent misconceptions, disability and illness are not inherent aspects of aging (2014). The assumption that aging inevitably leads to disability or chronic illnesses overlooks the multifaceted factors influencing an individual’s health as they age. It is essential to consider the psychological, biological, and social environment of aging individuals to gain a comprehensive understanding of their health.

Psychological Dimensions

The psychological aspect of aging is often subject to scrutiny. It is a common belief that advancing age correlates with increased depression. This perception may arise from the notion that older individuals are unhappy due to no longer being young, facing inevitable health decline, or subscribing to the myth that aging equates to deteriorating mental health. As global populations age, the psychosocial well-being of elderly individuals demands focused attention (Alice Ming-lin Chong PhD, 2008).

Depression is a severe mental health condition that significantly impacts daily functioning. It can cause a range of symptoms, including loss of appetite, diminished interest in previously enjoyed activities, persistent fatigue despite adequate sleep, feelings of hopelessness, suicidal ideation, and concentration difficulties.

Recent research indicates that elderly individuals may not be as content as some might assume. Suicide rates among the elderly are the highest across all age groups globally. From a social health perspective, a considerable number of elderly people live alone, are divorced, or separated, trends that are expected to worsen over time (Alice Ming-lin Chong PhD, 2008). In 2002, the World Health Organization (WHO) published the first World Report on Violence and Health, revealing that violence results in over 1.6 million deaths annually. This report expanded the definition of violence to include elder abuse, domestic violence, sexual assault, and suicide (Gross, B., 2006).

An analysis of psychosocial indicators reveals a concerning picture of elderly mental health. Baby boomers, born between 1946 and 1964, exhibit relatively high suicide rates. It is anticipated that suicide rates among older adults will increase, leading to more senior citizens choosing to end their lives (Cornwell, Van Orden, Caine, 2011). The WHO/EURO Multi-Centre Study on Suicidal Behaviors found that the mean suicide rate for those aged 65 and over was 29.3 per 100,000. Moreover, the ratio of attempted to completed suicides is significantly lower among seniors, indicating a greater resolve to use more lethal methods, such as firearms, hanging, and jumping from heights (Dumont & St-Onge, 2011).

Current Approaches

Despite recent interest in social isolation and its impact on public policies, particularly concerning suicide prevention among the elderly, research remains limited. Individuals who are widowed or live alone with limited social support are at heightened risk for suicide (McInnis-Dittrich, K. 2014). Chronic interpersonal difficulties and low perceived social support can exacerbate depressive symptoms, potentially leading to suicidal thoughts. It is vital to closely monitor depressed elders with a history of interpersonal issues for signs of suicidal behavior (Harrison, K. E., et al., 2010).

Existing literature on elder suicide prevention highlights a paucity of actions targeting the social environment. A comprehensive biopsychosocial approach is necessary, as examining a single aspect of this complex issue is insufficient. Studies suggest that factors such as psychiatric illness, social connectedness, physical health, and functional capacity influence suicide risk (Cornwell, Van Orden, Caine, 2011).

Physical activity has emerged as a potential treatment for depression. Although study results vary, particularly due to participants with dementia, regular exercise could prove beneficial if implemented consistently and with a more structured routine (de Souto Barreto, 2013). Other approaches involve using assessment tools to measure depression levels, which can help identify individuals at risk of developing depression or experiencing severe symptoms. Such assessments are integral to prevention, as they facilitate early detection and intervention, potentially reducing the likelihood of untreated depression leading to suicide (McInnis-Dittrich, K. 2014).

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for depression in older adults. CBT, a form of psychotherapy, targets negative thinking patterns and behaviors, encouraging individuals to adopt more realistic thoughts and effective coping strategies (Scott, 2009). By addressing maladaptive thought processes, CBT can lead to more positive actions and improved mental health outcomes.

Propose Alternatives

While current suicide prevention methods are not inherently ineffective, integrating additional strategies could enhance their efficacy. Combining therapy with medication has proven effective in treating depression. Furthermore, addressing social isolation and fostering supportive environments can mitigate risk factors for depression and suicide.

Preventing depression is crucial in suicide prevention, as many individuals experiencing suicidal ideation initially suffer from depression. By identifying risk factors, such as family history, substance abuse, and social isolation, we can address these social issues and reduce depression rates. Primary prevention strategies focusing on social and community inclusion show promise and should be part of global health policies (Saas, Beck, Bodard, Guignard & du Rosco?¤t, 2012).

Despite various treatment options, depression remains the third leading cause of disease burden worldwide, projected to rank first by 2030. Early education about depression and suicide prevention is vital. Including older adults in their treatment decisions, ensuring they understand the process and expectations, can increase participation and reduce suicide rates. Empowering elders to make informed choices about their treatment can lead to more positive outcomes and a decrease in suicide rates.

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