Reversing Roles in Matthew Lewis’s the Monk: a Gothic Exploration

Introduction

Matthew Lewis's novel, The Monk, stands as one of the most renowned works of the Gothic era, though it was published in the late 18th century, not the 17th. This novel is celebrated for its exploration of gender roles, sexuality, and the supernatural, in a time when societal norms were rigidly entrenched. The narrative presents a bold commentary on the consequences of defying typical gender roles, a theme that manifests through the characters' interactions and fates. This essay will explore how Lewis intricately weaves the themes of reversed gender roles, witchcraft, and nuanced homosexuality into his work, ultimately illustrating the societal tensions of his time and the inevitable downfall that befalls those who transgress societal norms.

The analysis will delve into the central characters, Ambrosio and Matilda, and their representative roles, while also examining the broader implications of these themes in the context of 18th-century Europe.

Reversed Gender Roles

From the outset, The Monk challenges the traditional gender roles of its era by presenting characters who embody traits typically associated with the opposite sex. Ambrosio, the protagonist, is depicted with feminine qualities, shaped by his sheltered upbringing and elevated status within the church. His naiveté and sexual ignorance are emphasized through the portrayal of him as a "prized-possession" of the church. Leonella's description of Ambrosio as "an observer of Chastity, that He knows not in what consists the difference of Man and Woman" underscores this feminization (Lewis 15). This depiction not only highlights Ambrosio's vulnerability but also mirrors the societal feminization of monks, suggesting that such innocence leaves individuals susceptible to temptation and corruption.

The relationship between Ambrosio and Matilda further exemplifies the theme of reversed gender roles. Matilda, initially disguised as the novice monk Rosario, adopts a traditionally masculine role, characterized by assertiveness and manipulation. When Matilda reveals her true identity, the dynamic between her and Ambrosio shifts, and his anger and confusion reflect his internalized struggle with societal expectations. This reversal of roles disrupts the established power dynamics, leading to Ambrosio's eventual downfall.

Witchcraft and the Supernatural

Lewis intertwines the theme of witchcraft with gender roles, highlighting the societal fear of powerful women. Matilda's character is associated with witchcraft, furthering her role as an active, dominant figure. The garden scene, reminiscent of the biblical story of Adam and Eve, symbolizes the temptation and punishment faced by those who defy societal norms. Matilda, as the devil figure, tempts Ambrosio, paralleling Eve's temptation in the Garden of Eden. The snake bite serves as a metaphor for Ambrosio's impending doom, illustrating the consequences of succumbing to temptation.

This portrayal of Matilda as a demonic figure reinforces the stereotype of women as susceptible to the devil's influence, a common belief during the witch hunts of the early modern period. By associating Matilda's power with witchcraft, Lewis critiques the patriarchal society's fear of female autonomy and the perceived threat it posed to the established order. The novel suggests that women's association with the supernatural stems from their deviation from traditional gender roles, which challenges male authority.

Nuanced Homosexuality

Beyond the exploration of gender roles, The Monk delves into the complexities of sexuality, particularly the nuanced depiction of homosexuality. The relationship between Ambrosio and Rosario hints at a homoerotic connection, abruptly severed by the revelation of Rosario's true identity as Matilda. This interruption reflects the societal taboo surrounding same-sex relationships during Lewis's time. The fear of repercussions for homosexuality is mirrored in Ambrosio's conflicted emotions, as he grapples with his desires and societal expectations.

The novel also explores the intersection of religion and homosexuality, suggesting that religious doctrine viewed homosexuality as akin to witchcraft. This association reflects the broader societal condemnation of both practices, framing them as sinful and unnatural. Lewis's portrayal of the devil as a male entity further reinforces this connection, as Ambrosio's pact with the devil symbolizes the ultimate submission to forbidden desires.

Conclusion

In The Monk, Matthew Lewis presents a complex exploration of gender roles, sexuality, and the supernatural, challenging the rigid norms of his time. Through the characters of Ambrosio and Matilda, the novel illustrates the consequences of defying societal expectations, emphasizing the inevitable downfall of those who transgress traditional gender roles. The intertwining themes of witchcraft and homosexuality further critique the patriarchal society's fear of female autonomy and same-sex relationships. By depicting the tension between societal norms and individual desires, Lewis offers a Gothic commentary on the transformative pressures of 18th-century Europe, urging readers to reconsider the complexities of identity and power in a changing world.

Did you like this example?

422

22