Everyday Use: Character Analysis

Introduction

Alice Walker's short story "Everyday Use" is a profound meditation on the nature of cultural heritage and identity. Through her compelling characterizations, Walker examines the conflicting ways in which individuals relate to their shared cultural past. The narrative centers on a rural African American family, highlighting the contrasting attitudes of the protagonist, Mama, and her two daughters, Dee and Maggie, towards their heritage. Through a detailed character analysis, this essay will explore how Walker uses these characters to represent diverse perspectives on cultural identity and heritage.

By examining their interactions and personal developments, we will uncover how Walker illustrates the complexities of identity formation in a rapidly changing socio-cultural landscape. This analysis will also consider counter-arguments to provide a balanced view, ultimately revealing the nuanced critique Walker offers on the commodification of culture and the importance of authentic self-identity.

Dee: The Pursuit of Modernity and Misguided Heritage

Dee, the elder daughter, embodies a modern, albeit superficial, understanding of cultural heritage. Her character is a portrayal of the emerging African American middle class during the 1960s and 70s, eager to reclaim their African roots while often overlooking the genuine significance of their immediate familial heritage. Dee's desire to adopt an African name, Wangero, and her interest in the family's handmade quilts as artifacts rather than functional items, highlight her detachment from her cultural roots. As Walker writes, "She can have them, Mama, she said, like somebody used to never winning anything, or having anything reserved for her" (Walker, 1973). This reflects Dee's view of heritage as a symbol of status rather than a living tradition.

However, Dee's character is not without complexity. Some critics argue that Dee's approach to heritage is a necessary evolution, allowing African Americans to reclaim a cultural identity that transcends the historical oppression in the United States. This viewpoint suggests that Dee's character challenges the reader to reconsider the meaning of cultural preservation in the face of historical erasure. Yet, Walker seems to critique this perspective by illustrating how Dee's superficial engagement with her heritage leads to a disconnect with her family and community. Thus, Dee represents a cautionary tale of the potential pitfalls in the pursuit of modernity without genuine appreciation for one's roots.

Maggie: Embodiment of Tradition and Authentic Heritage

In stark contrast to Dee, Maggie represents a more intimate and authentic connection to her heritage. Her character is emblematic of those who live their culture rather than simply displaying it. Maggie's shy demeanor and physical scars from a house fire symbolize the struggles and resilience of her ancestors. Walker uses Maggie to convey that true cultural heritage is lived and experienced, rather than displayed or commodified. The quilts, which Dee covets as art pieces, hold personal and practical value for Maggie, representing the love and labor of her grandmother and the continuity of family traditions. As Mama reflects, "I can 'member Grandma Dee without the quilts" (Walker, 1973), underscoring that Maggie's connection to her heritage is ingrained and intrinsic.

Critics may argue that Maggie's character reinforces a static view of cultural heritage, suggesting that her approach does not adapt to the changing times. However, Walker uses Maggie to affirm that cultural heritage is not merely about preservation but about the sustenance of identity through everyday use and lived experience. Maggie's acceptance of her heritage, scars, and all, provides a powerful counter-narrative to Dee's externalized and performative engagement with culture. Walker suggests that authentic identity is not found in the superficial adoption of symbols but in the quiet, everyday practices that sustain and nurture cultural memory.

Mama: The Bridge Between Tradition and Change

Mama serves as the narrative's central figure and the bridge between her daughters' divergent perspectives. Her character embodies a pragmatic approach to heritage, balancing respect for tradition with an understanding of contemporary realities. As the narrator, Mama provides a grounded perspective, deeply rooted in her lived experiences and the history of her family. Her decision to give the quilts to Maggie over Dee signifies her recognition of the importance of keeping heritage alive through everyday use and practical application.

Mama's character can be seen as a representation of the tensions many face when negotiating between preserving cultural traditions and adapting to modern values. Her internal conflict and eventual resolution illustrate Walker's message that authentic heritage must be both respected and actively lived. This balance is crucial in maintaining cultural identity amidst societal changes. Mama's pragmatic wisdom ultimately shapes the narrative's resolution, affirming the value of genuine connection to one's roots over superficial displays of cultural identity.

Conclusion

Alice Walker's "Everyday Use" presents a nuanced exploration of cultural heritage and identity through its rich character portrayals. Dee's pursuit of modernity and Maggie's embodiment of tradition offer contrasting perspectives on the relationship individuals have with their cultural past. Walker uses Mama as a narrative anchor, illustrating the importance of a balanced approach to heritage that honors both tradition and change. Through these characters, Walker critiques the commodification of culture and emphasizes the role of lived experience in sustaining authentic identity. Ultimately, "Everyday Use" challenges readers to reflect on their own connections to heritage and the ways in which they navigate the complexities of identity in a rapidly evolving world.

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