Beowulf and the Hero’s Journey: a Timeless Epic

Beowulf is an Old English epic, often regarded as the oldest surviving piece of vernacular European literature. It narrates the heroic exploits of Beowulf, a warrior of the Geats, who comes to the aid of Hrothgar, the king of the Danes. Hrothgar's magnificent Heorot hall is under threat from Grendel, a fearsome and violent monster. Beowulf's journey to defeat Grendel and later Grendel’s mother exemplifies the quintessential hero's journey, a narrative template that has transcended cultures and epochs. This essay examines how Beowulf's tale aligns with the stages of the hero's journey and the timeless appeal of his heroism.

Status Quo and Call to Adventure

The hero's journey begins with the status quo, the ordinary world from which the hero emerges. For Beowulf, this is his life in Geatland, where he is already renowned for his strength and valor. His call to adventure arises when he learns about Grendel's attacks on Heorot. Hrothgar's plea for help reaches Beowulf, igniting his desire to prove his worth and assist the Danes. This call to adventure is pivotal, as it propels Beowulf from his familiar world into the realm of the unknown.

Assistance and Departure

In every hero's journey, the protagonist receives assistance from mentors or companions. Beowulf's assistance comes from his own warriors and the wisdom of Hrothgar's people, who provide insights into Grendel's nature. Although Beowulf is confident in his abilities, the collective knowledge and experience of the Danes are invaluable. The departure, a critical phase, occurs when Beowulf sets sail across the sea to Denmark, leaving behind the comforts of his homeland to confront the monstrous threat.

Trials and Approach

Upon reaching Denmark, Beowulf encounters trials that test his resolve. He boasts of his past victories and outlines his plan to defeat Grendel. This moment in Heorot hall is a trial in itself; it is a test of his reputation and courage in the face of skepticism. The approach to the inmost cave, another key stage, occurs when Beowulf faces Grendel in combat. This confrontation is fraught with danger, as Grendel is a creature of immense strength and brutality.

Crisis and Treasure

In the hero's journey, the crisis is the hero's darkest hour. For Beowulf, this occurs during the fierce struggle with Grendel, where he loses one of his men. Despite the loss, Beowulf perseveres, ultimately tearing Grendel's arm from its socket. This victory marks the treasure stage, where Beowulf claims a tangible symbol of his triumph. Grendel's arm becomes a trophy, a testament to Beowulf's strength and bravery, celebrated by the Danes.

Result and Return

The result of Beowulf's victory is the retreat of Grendel, who flees to the moors, mortally wounded. The Danes, relieved and grateful, honor Beowulf with treasures and accolades. Beowulf's return to Geatland is marked by a hero's welcome. Laden with gifts, he presents them to his king, Hygelac, reinforcing his loyalty and status. Despite returning to his homeland, Beowulf is forever changed by his experiences.

New Life and Resolution

In the new life stage, Beowulf's adventures have transformed him. He continues to serve Hygelac as a confidant and warrior, but his perspective has evolved. He has outgrown his initial role, eventually becoming king of the Geats after Hygelac's death. The resolution sees Beowulf confronting a dragon, a foe more formidable than any he has faced before. This final challenge cements his legacy as a hero who faces insurmountable odds with courage and determination.

Conclusion

Beowulf's journey through the stages of the hero's journey underscores his timeless heroism. Despite the epic's age, Beowulf's narrative resonates with the universal qualities of bravery, sacrifice, and the pursuit of glory. His tale is not just a story of battles and monsters, but a reflection on the human condition and the enduring spirit of heroism. Beowulf embodies the archetype of the hero, inspiring generations with his courage and strength. While the Old English poem is steeped in violence and myth, its core message remains relevant: true heroism lies in the willingness to face the unknown and protect those in need, even at great personal risk.

Sources

Bernstein, Rebecca. “Archetypal Characters in the Hero’s Journey Infographic.” Point Park University Online, 5 Oct. 2018, online.pointpark.edu/screenwriting/archetypal-characters-heros-journey/.

“How to Use the Hero’s Journey for Personal Development.” ScottJeffrey.com, 5 Sept. 2018, scottjeffrey.com/heros-journey-steps/.

“Science Fiction Writers Workshop: Joseph Campbell’s Hero’s Journey.” Joseph Campbell’s ‘The Hero’s Journey’ Materials, www.sfcenter.ku.edu/Workshop-stuff/Joseph-Campbell-Hero-Journey.htm.

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