Contrasting Civilizations: British and Igbo in Things Fall Apart

Chinua Achebe's "Things Fall Apart" serves as a profound narrative that juxtaposes the rich cultural tapestry of the Igbo society against the backdrop of British colonial influence. Both the Igbo and the British cultures possess unique paradigms that define their civilization. The novel provides an insightful exploration into what constitutes a civilized society by contrasting these two cultures through their social structures, belief systems, and values. While the British culture is often viewed through the lens of its advanced technology and organized political systems, the Igbo society is rich in traditions and social cohesion.

This essay aims to evaluate both cultures as civilized societies, analyzing their respective strengths and weaknesses as depicted in "Things Fall Apart."

The British culture, during the colonial era depicted in "Things Fall Apart," is characterized by its structured governance and technological advancements. The British Empire's ability to expand across continents is a testament to its organized political system and military prowess. Their civilization is marked by the implementation of legal systems, educational institutions, and technological advancements such as the railway and telegraph. These developments contribute to an orderly society, one where progress is often equated with civilization. However, the British approach to colonization often involved undermining and devaluing indigenous cultures, as seen in "Things Fall Apart," where missionaries and colonizers impose their beliefs, dismissing the Igbo traditions and social norms. The novel highlights the British belief in the superiority of their culture, which they associate with enlightenment and order. However, this belief often leads to cultural imperialism, where the British fail to respect or understand the complexities and richness of the societies they colonize.

In contrast, the Igbo culture depicted in "Things Fall Apart" is deeply rooted in traditions, communal living, and spirituality. Their society is organized around kinship and age-grade systems, which provide a sense of identity and belonging. The Igbo people have a rich oral tradition, with proverbs, stories, and folklore playing a crucial role in education and the transmission of cultural values. Social activities such as festivals, rituals, and ceremonies reinforce community bonds and cultural identity. Despite lacking the technological advancements of the British, the Igbo society is sophisticated in its own right, with a well-defined system of governance based on consensus and participation. However, the Igbo culture is not without its challenges. The societal emphasis on gender roles and the practice of certain traditional beliefs, such as the caste system, reflect some of the complexities and internal conflicts within the society. Achebe's narrative illustrates how these cultural practices can both unify and divide, offering a nuanced view of the Igbo civilization.

Despite the differences in their cultural paradigms, both the British and Igbo societies exhibit elements of what can be defined as civilization. The British focus on progress, order, and expansion represents one facet of civilization, where technological and institutional developments are prioritized. On the other hand, the Igbo society emphasizes social cohesion, cultural continuity, and spiritual depth, offering a different perspective on what it means to be civilized. Achebe's "Things Fall Apart" challenges the reader to reconsider the definition of civilization, moving beyond a Eurocentric view that equates technological advancement with cultural superiority. Instead, the novel advocates for a more inclusive understanding that recognizes the value of diverse cultural practices and beliefs.

In summary, evaluating the British and Igbo cultures within the context of "Things Fall Apart" reveals that both societies possess attributes that define them as civilized. The British culture's emphasis on technological progress and structured governance contrasts with the Igbo society's focus on tradition, community, and spirituality. Through Achebe's narrative, we learn that civilization is not a monolithic concept but a multifaceted one that encompasses different ways of organizing society and understanding the world. The novel encourages a broader definition of civilization, one that appreciates diversity and recognizes the legitimacy of different cultural expressions. By examining both cultures in "Things Fall Apart," we gain insight into the complexities of cultural interactions and the need for mutual respect and understanding in a globalized world.

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