Evaluating the Effectiveness of SHARP in the U.S. Army

Sexual harassment and assault within the U.S. Army remain critical concerns, as reports continue to rise despite the establishment of the Sexual Harassment and Assault Response Program (SHARP). This essay aims to critically evaluate why the number of sexual harassment and assault cases has increased so dramatically since the introduction of SHARP, and to explore the effectiveness of the program in achieving its goals. While SHARP was designed to educate soldiers on identifying, preventing, and reporting such incidents, the data suggests an increase of 38% in reported cases from 2016 to 2018.

This raises fundamental questions regarding the efficacy of SHARP and what might be contributing to this troubling trend.

The Role of Leadership and Culture

A critical aspect of addressing sexual harassment and assault in the military lies at the leadership level, particularly among non-commissioned officers (NCOs). The responsibility of leaders is paramount in cultivating an environment where such behaviors are neither tolerated nor trivialized. Leadership needs to take these issues seriously, ensuring that all soldiers feel comfortable reporting incidents without fear of retribution or dismissal. This involves creating a culture where inappropriate jokes or comments are not overlooked, and where soldiers understand that they have the right and duty to speak up about any misconduct affecting them or their peers. The challenge is compounded by the hierarchical nature of the military, where junior soldiers may fear consequences or lack confidence in the system's support.

Alcohol and Accountability

Another contributing factor to the prevalence of sexual harassment and assault in the military is the misuse of alcohol. Data indicates that 61% of cases involve alcohol, which impairs judgment and can exacerbate inappropriate behavior. While alcohol is not the sole factor, its influence cannot be ignored. Accountability must extend to all ranks, and soldiers should be held responsible for their actions regardless of intoxication. Addressing alcohol misuse through targeted interventions and strict enforcement of policies could potentially reduce the incidence of such cases. Additionally, it is crucial to recognize that both men and women can be victims of sexual harassment and assault, though societal norms may discourage men from reporting incidents, contributing to underreporting.

The SHARP Program: Challenges and Opportunities

The SHARP program, established in 2012, was intended to be a comprehensive approach to tackling sexual misconduct in the military. However, its effectiveness has been called into question, as evidenced by the increase in reported cases. One issue is the perception and delivery of SHARP training. Often, training sessions are reduced to brief, perfunctory meetings that fail to engage soldiers or impart the gravity of the issue. This approach undermines the program's intent and may contribute to a perception that these issues are not taken seriously. To improve, SHARP training needs to be more engaging, with real-life scenarios and interactive components that resonate with soldiers. Additionally, regular follow-up sessions could reinforce learning and demonstrate a sustained commitment to addressing these issues.

A Call for Systemic Change

The military's struggle with reporting and addressing sexual harassment and assault is a systemic issue that requires a multifaceted approach. It is not enough to rely solely on the SHARP program; change must be driven from within the ranks. NCOs and other leaders have a pivotal role in shaping the culture and attitudes of soldiers. By taking proactive steps to educate and support their troops, leaders can foster an environment where sexual violence is neither accepted nor ignored. This involves consistent and meaningful engagement with the issues, beyond obligatory training sessions, to ensure that soldiers are prepared to act appropriately and supportively in potential situations.

Conclusion

In conclusion, while the SHARP program was established with the noble goal of eradicating sexual harassment and assault in the military, its current implementation is insufficient. The rise in reported cases suggests that the program is not effectively meeting its objectives. To truly make a difference, the military must address underlying cultural issues, improve training delivery, and ensure accountability at all levels. By fostering an environment of respect and support, the military can begin to reverse the troubling trend and create a safer, more respectful atmosphere for all service members. Continued evaluation and adaptation of the SHARP program, informed by the experiences and feedback of those it aims to protect, are essential for meaningful progress.

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