Traditional Sports in the UAE: a Cultural Legacy

The United Arab Emirates (UAE), a nation known for its rapid modernization and futuristic cities, also places significant importance on preserving its rich cultural heritage.

Introduction

One aspect of this heritage is the vibrant sports culture initiated and nurtured by H.H. Sheikh Zayed, may mercy be upon him. Under his visionary leadership, the country has witnessed a remarkable enhancement of sports facilities, fostering not only modern sports like soccer but also traditional ones like camel racing and falconry. This essay explores these traditional sports, focusing on their historical significance, current practices, and their role in UAE's cultural tapestry.

Camel Racing: A Heritage Sport

Camel racing, a sport deeply embedded within the Emirati culture, has evolved significantly over the years. Originally a crucial aspect of Bedouin life, it has transitioned into a competitive sport that reflects both tradition and modernity. The expansion of camel racing in the UAE has led to advancements in breeding techniques, with the Al Ain-based Embryo Transfer Research Facility for Racing Camels, established in 1989, playing a pivotal role in pioneering insemination and embryo transfer technologies. This scientific approach has revolutionized camel breeding, ensuring the health and performance of racing camels.

The training regimen for racing camels is meticulously structured. Beginning with Assaf, or taming, young camels, ideally under three years of age, undergo controlled head movement training, known as Khatam. This is followed by winter training, a critical phase where camels build endurance by walking progressively longer distances, enhancing their fitness levels. The third stage, Al Tafheem, focuses on diet management to optimize camel fitness by reducing food and water intake, preparing them for races. The dietary regime includes Al Madaha and Al Muasha meals, rich in barley, dates, milk, and wheat, providing essential nutrients. Before races, camels receive Al Suaoot, a high-energy mix of oleomargarine, honey, and eggs, to ensure peak performance.

Historically, child jockeys were used in camel racing, a practice that posed ethical concerns and led to international scrutiny. In response, the UAE has innovated by employing robotic jockeys, remotely controlled and equipped with advanced technology to monitor camels’ health metrics. This shift not only addresses ethical issues but also highlights the UAE’s commitment to integrating technology with tradition.

Falconry: A Timeless Tradition

Falconry, another esteemed traditional sport in the UAE, reflects the deep-rooted connection between the Emirati people and their desert environment. This sport has been cherished by both the affluent and the common folk, serving as a testament to the endurance, strength, and patience revered in Emirati culture. Known as Saqer, falcons are admired for their beauty and keen eyesight, qualities that make them exceptional hunters.

Training falcons is an art that requires patience, skill, and dedication. The falconer develops a bond with the bird, training it using traditional methods. Falcons are initially kept on Al Wakr, a mushroom-shaped stand, or on the trainer’s hand, protected by a Mangala cuff. The training involves using Al Sabbuq, cotton braids tied to leashes, allowing falcons to adjust to their environment. Al Burgu, a hood covering the falcon’s eyes, helps them acclimate gradually. The trainer uses Al Mukhlat, a bag with bait like houbara wings, to attract the falcon back, a method called tilwah. The falcon’s ability to adapt and its aerodynamic prowess make the sport thrilling and culturally significant.

The falcons pursue prey such as the Houbara bustard, curlews, and hares, showcasing their speed and agility. These hunts not only test the falcon's capabilities but also the falconer's skill, reinforcing the cultural and historical significance of the sport. His Highness Sheikh Zayed, a renowned falconry expert, encapsulated his knowledge in his 1976 publication, "Hunting with Falcons," a comprehensive guide that continues to influence falconry enthusiasts worldwide.

Conclusion

The UAE's commitment to preserving and promoting traditional sports like camel racing and falconry is a testament to its dedication to cultural heritage. These sports not only provide entertainment but also serve as a bridge connecting past traditions with modern advancements. As the UAE continues to evolve, the enduring legacy of these traditional sports will remain a cornerstone of its cultural identity, celebrated by Emiratis and admired by the world.

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