Birth Control: a Fundamental Right or a Privilege

Family planning is used by 57 percent of married or in-union women of reproductive age, according to a study conducted in 2015 by the United Nations. This statistic demonstrates the significant impact that contraceptives have worldwide and raises an essential question about equality within health care: “Is birth control a fundamental right or a privilege?” This question delves into the intersection of health care, ethics, economics, and religion, and requires a thorough examination to understand the implications and necessary actions moving forward.

Despite the increasing use of birth control, a study by the UN estimates that over 214 million women are not using safe and effective family planning methods.

This gap is primarily due to a lack of information, insufficient access to services, or lack of support from partners and communities (UNFPA). Additionally, opposition to birth control may arise from religious or moral beliefs. Critics argue that providing free birth control through government and private programs can conflict with the morals of both the provider and the recipient. This perspective asserts that while women have the right to make decisions about their bodies, others should not be compelled to support or finance this right.

Conversely, proponents of free birth control argue that it is a crucial preventative health measure that reduces unintended pregnancies and improves women's health globally. Contraceptives not only assist in preventing pregnancies but also reduce the incidence of sexually transmitted diseases and lower abortion rates (WHO). To fully comprehend this debate, it is essential to analyze real-world examples and consider the moral, economic, and social arguments surrounding the provision of free birth control.

One prominent example is the Philippines, where the Reproductive Health Bill proposed laws requiring the government to provide contraceptives, which faced strong opposition from the Roman Catholic Church (Lichauco de Leon). The church argues that birth control is a "sin" and could "relax moral standards," viewing it as a form of abortion and a challenge to divine authority (Zimmerman). Similarly, in 2017, the University of Notre Dame announced it would discontinue birth control coverage for students and employees due to its Catholic beliefs (UWIRE). While the university faced accusations of sexism, it maintained an exception for those needing birth control for health reasons.

Moreover, there are health concerns associated with contraceptives. According to the Food and Drug Administration, birth control can increase the risk of breast and cervical cancer, heart attacks, and blood clotting, and does not protect against sexually transmitted infections (Axe). A study conducted in Denmark with over one million women found an increase in depression rates among women taking birth control compared to those who were not (Axe). However, these risks must be weighed against the benefits, such as reducing the $21 billion spent on unintended pregnancies in the United States (Guttmacher).

On the other hand, advocates like Susan Rinkunas emphasize the preventative care aspect of birth control. Rinkunas, a journalist with expertise in women's health issues, highlights the health benefits of contraceptives, including reduced risks for certain cancers and the treatment of conditions like endometriosis and polycystic ovary syndrome (Rinkunas). Furthermore, providing universal contraceptives can yield economic advantages by preventing unplanned pregnancies, which can lead to financial strain for both individuals and the government.

Examining the situation in Africa provides further insight into the necessity of free contraceptives. Women there face significant barriers to accessing birth control due to weak health systems and insufficient funding (Guttmacher). By providing free contraceptive care, women can gain control over their reproductive health, leading to a reduction in health care costs and improving overall societal well-being. If the unmet need for modern contraception in Africa were satisfied, the annual number of unintended pregnancies, unplanned births, and abortions would decline by about 80% (Guttmacher).

The debate over whether birth control is a fundamental right or a privilege is complex and multifaceted. While religious and moral objections present significant challenges, the health and economic benefits of contraceptives cannot be ignored. Providing free birth control is not only a matter of public health but also an issue of equity, allowing women worldwide to exercise their right to control their bodies. In conclusion, while the moral and religious arguments against free birth control are valid and deserve consideration, they should not overshadow the critical health and economic benefits that contraceptives provide. As societies continue to evolve, it is crucial to find a balance that respects individual beliefs while prioritizing the health and rights of women. Further research and dialogue are necessary to address the contradictions and complexities of this debate, ultimately working towards a future where all women have access to the reproductive health care they need.

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