A Journey through ‘Their Eyes were Watching God’

Introduction

Throughout human history, people have consistently pursued aspirations and goals, whether they are grand or modest. When a society collectively values a particular concept or ideal, it becomes the society’s overarching goal or “Dream.” The American Dream, in particular, has been an evolving concept that resonates deeply within American culture, symbolizing hope and achievement. However, this dream is mutable and can be influenced by various factors, such as international relations, technological advancements, business dynamics, cultural beliefs, and the evolving perspectives of individuals.

These influences can radically alter the nature of the dream as society progresses.

In Zora Neale Hurston’s novel Their Eyes Were Watching God, the narrative demonstrates how the American Dream can significantly impact individuals and their communities. The story follows Janie Crawford, a woman of mixed race raised in a predominantly white society, on her journey of self-discovery and fulfillment. Hurston poignantly explores the complex interplay between personal desires and societal expectations, highlighting the sacrifices and transformations people endure in pursuit of their dreams. This essay will delve into how the American Dream shapes Janie's life and those around her, illustrating its profound effect on personal and societal evolution.

The Impact of Ambition

In Their Eyes Were Watching God, Joe Starks, Janie’s second husband, exemplifies the pursuit of the American Dream through his ambition and desire for authority. Joe is determined to become a “Big Voice,” which symbolizes his aspiration to wield significant power and control. His quest begins with transforming a small village into a thriving town, demonstrating his ability to manifest his dream through leadership and hard work. However, Joe’s relentless ambition blinds him to the needs and desires of those closest to him, particularly Janie. Hurston writes, “I god, Ah don’t see how come yuh can’t [run the store]. ‘Tain’t nothin’ atall tuh hinder yuh if yuh got uh thimble full uh sense. You got tuh. Ah got too much else on mah hands as Mayor. Dis town needs some light right now.” (Hurston 5.111). This quote underscores how Joe’s fixation on his dream leads him to disregard Janie’s autonomy and personal fulfillment.

Joe’s single-minded pursuit of power and success ultimately results in the deterioration of his relationships and moral compass. The American Dream, often associated with sacrifice, risk-taking, and perseverance, requires individuals to make difficult choices. In Joe’s case, he sacrifices friendships, health, his inherent kindness, and even his marriage to Janie to chase his dream. This reflects the darker side of the American Dream, where ambition and success can come at the expense of personal relationships and ethical considerations.

Generational Perspectives

The American Dream is not a static concept; it evolves with each generation, reflecting changing cultural values and priorities. In the early 20th century, stability and material wealth were often prioritized over personal happiness or emotional fulfillment. This generational divide is evident in the differing dreams of Janie and her grandmother, Nanny. At the beginning of the novel, Janie dreams of falling in love and living a romantic life, embodying a more modern, individualistic interpretation of the American Dream. In contrast, Nanny, who spent much of her life in slavery, values security and stability above all else. She believes that material possessions and social status offer protection and respect in a world rife with discrimination and hardship.

Hurston illustrates this generational contrast through Nanny’s insistence that Janie marry Logan Killicks, a man Janie does not love but who offers financial security. Nanny’s perspective is shaped by her experiences of oppression and survival, as she tells Janie, “You come head wid yo’ mouf full uh foolishness on uh busy day. Heah you got uh prop tuh lean on all yo’ bawn days, and big protection, and everybody got tuh tip dey hat tuh you and call you Mis’ Killicks, and you come worryin’ me ‘bout love.” (Hurston 3.17-19). For Nanny, the American Dream is intertwined with material success and societal acceptance, reflecting the values of her generation, which prioritized survival and stability over romantic ideals.

Personal Growth and Fulfillment

Despite the forced marriages and subsequent heartbreak, Janie’s journey is one of resilience and personal growth. Her experiences teach her to live in the moment, cherish the memories, and find peace within herself. Janie’s dream, akin to that of a fairy tale princess longing for her prince charming, ultimately leads her to Tea Cake, a younger man who brings her joy and companionship. Although Tea Cake’s life is tragically cut short by rabies, Janie emerges from the experience with a newfound understanding of love and self-worth.

Hurston beautifully captures Janie’s transformation in the novel’s closing lines: “Here was peace. She pulled in her horizon like a great fish-net. Pulled it from around the waist of the world and draped it over her shoulder. So much of life in its meshes! She called in her soul to come and see.” (Hurston 20.12). Janie’s acceptance of her life’s journey, despite not achieving the fairy-tale ending she once envisioned, reflects a broader evolution of the American Dream. It is no longer solely about material success or societal approval but encompasses personal happiness, fulfillment, and peace of mind.

Conclusion

In conclusion, Their Eyes Were Watching God serves as a powerful exploration of the American Dream’s multifaceted nature. Through the characters of Janie, Joe, and Nanny, Hurston illustrates how ambition, societal expectations, and generational differences shape individuals’ dreams and aspirations. The American Dream is not a monolithic concept; it evolves with each generation, reflecting the changing values and priorities of society. While Joe’s story warns of the dangers of unchecked ambition, Janie’s journey emphasizes the importance of personal growth and fulfillment. Ultimately, the American Dream remains a deeply personal and ever-evolving pursuit, inspiring individuals to strive for their own versions of happiness and success in the face of adversity.

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