Cultural Dissolution in Achebe and Golding Works

Introduction

In the realm of literature, writing styles and thematic explorations often serve as a window into the cultural and philosophical underpinnings of different societies. Two seminal works that offer rich grounds for such exploration are Chinua Achebe's "Things Fall Apart" and William Golding's "Lord of the Flies." These novels, while distinct in their cultural contexts and narrative styles, both delve into the complexities of civilization, control, and the human psyche. This essay seeks to compare and contrast the writing styles and thematic concerns of Achebe and Golding, examining how each author uses language to reflect cultural identity and explore the darker aspects of human nature.

Narrative Style and Cultural Context

Achebe's "Things Fall Apart" stands out for its use of proverbs and short stories, offering a lyrical yet staccato narrative style that vividly paints the cultural landscape of the Ibo society. The use of proverbs serves not only as a narrative device but also as a means of preserving and communicating the wisdom of the Ibo culture. For instance, the depiction of yam as "the king of crops" serves as a metaphor for the agricultural and societal structure within the Ibo community, demanding "hard work and constant attention" (Achebe, 35). This metaphor extends beyond agriculture, symbolizing the societal expectations placed on individuals. Achebe’s narrative style is deeply rooted in oral traditions, which enriches the text with a rhythmic quality that mirrors the cadence of spoken language.

In contrast, Golding's "Lord of the Flies" employs a more ornate and descriptive style, rich in symbolism and vivid imagery. Golding's narrative weaves a complex tapestry of human psychology and societal breakdown, using detailed descriptions to create a tangible sense of place and mood. The "great platform of pink granite" (Golding, 12) is not just a physical setting but a symbolic stage upon which the drama of the boys' descent into savagery unfolds. Golding’s language is less staccato than Achebe’s, opting instead for flowing, elaborate sentences that draw readers into the visceral experiences of the characters.

Themes of Control and Chaos

Both novels explore the theme of control and its eventual erosion, albeit in different contexts. In "Things Fall Apart," the arrival of missionaries introduces a new form of control through religion, disrupting the traditional societal structures of the Ibo. The quote, “The arrival of the missionaries has caused a considerable stir among the village of Manta” (Achebe, 144), encapsulates the tension between traditional beliefs and the imposition of new ideologies. Okonkwo's tragic downfall symbolizes the broader disintegration of cultural identity under colonial influence. Achebe’s narrative is suffused with a tone of inevitability, as suggested by the title itself, "Things Fall Apart," highlighting the fragility of the societal bonds that once held the community together.

Golding, on the other hand, examines the breakdown of order in the absence of societal structures. The boys on the island initially revel in their newfound freedom but soon succumb to chaos as their primal instincts take over. Jack's chant, “Kill the pig, cut her throat, spill the blood” (Golding, 69), signifies the complete descent into savagery and the loss of innocence. Golding’s tone is distinctly pessimistic, reflecting his view on the inherent darkness within human nature. The novel serves as a cautionary tale about the thin veneer of civilization and how quickly it can erode without the constraints of societal norms.

Tone and Perspective

Achebe’s tone is one of tragic inevitability, underscored by a deep sympathy for the Umuofia people. The narrative is a poignant commentary on the impact of colonialism, as captured in the lament, “He has put a knife on the things that held us together and we have fallen apart” (Achebe, 130). The omniscient point of view allows readers an intimate glimpse into the lives of the characters, fostering empathy for their struggles and resilience.

In contrast, Golding’s tone is more detached and analytical, exploring the darker aspects of human behavior through the lens of a social experiment. The omniscient perspective in "Lord of the Flies" provides a comprehensive view of the boys’ transformation, yet maintains a critical distance that underscores the novel's themes of inherent human savagery. Golding’s narrative challenges readers to confront uncomfortable truths about the capacity for violence and the fragility of societal order.

Conclusion

In conclusion, both Achebe and Golding masterfully employ their distinct narrative styles to explore complex themes of civilization, control, and human nature. Achebe’s use of proverbs and lyrical language offers a rich tapestry of Ibo culture, while Golding’s vivid imagery and symbolism illuminate the darker facets of human psychology. Despite their cultural differences, both authors reveal the universal struggles of identity and the ever-present tension between order and chaos. Through their works, Achebe and Golding invite readers to reflect on the forces that shape societies and the inherent vulnerabilities within the human condition.

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